TRANSMISSION OF ANTIPLURALISM IN THE MILLENNIAL DIGITAL MEDIA SPACE
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Abstract
Excessive religious attitudes have shown an increasing trend among young people in some research results. This research intends to examine the transmission of anti-pluralism in the digital media space of millennial youth. For this purpose, researchers used a qualitative case study method by collecting data through site observations used by millennials, searching for documents on digital media, and interviews with several youths, some of whom had been influenced by the doctrine of anti-pluralism. The results of this study indicated that adherents of anti-pluralism had transmitted this understanding in the digital space of millennials through hyperlinks between sites. These links are used to transform understandings, among others: anti-difference, sole ruler of truth, thaghut, anti-Pancasila, and revolution. This transmission was an effort to carry out clandestine regeneration with the young millennial generation who are the primary users of this media.
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References
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Al-Zabidy, M. H. Tāj al-ʻArūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs. juz 1. Libanon: Dar Ihya al-Turas al-Araby, 1205.
Aly, Abdullah, and Muhammad Thoyibi. "Violence in Online Media and Its Implication to Islamic Education of Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies. Vol. 10. No.1, 2020.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly “Toleransi dan Intoleransi Beragama di Indonesia Pasca Reformasi,” ICMI. 2014.
Berman, Eli, Hamas, Taliban and The Jewish Underground: An Economist's View of Radical Religious Militias. UC San Diego National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
Berners-Lee, Tim, and Mark Fischetti. Weaving the Web: The original design and ultimate destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor. DIANE Publishing Company, 2001.
Bruinessen, Martin Van. “Genealogioes of Islamic radicalism in post-Soeharto Indonesia,” South East Asia Res. Vol. 10, No. 2, 2002.
Casram, C. "Membangun sikap toleransi beragama dalam masyarakat plural." Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya. Vol. 1, No. 2, 2016.
Darraz, Abdullah Muhd. & Qodir, Zuly, OSIS: Mendayung di Antara Dua Karang: Kebijakan Sekolah, Radikalisme dan Inklusivisme Kebangsaan. Convey Report, Vol. 1, 2018.
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, "Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI)." Jakarta: Gramedia, 2008.
Fealy, Greg, Islamic radicalism in Indonesia: The faltering revival?. Southeast Asian Affairs. 2004.
Foucault, Michel, Power/Knowledge: Wacana Kuasa/Pengetahuan. Yogyakarta: Bintang Budaya, 2002
Foucault, Michel, The history of sexuality: An introduction, volume I. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage, 1990.
Gellner, Ernest, "Nations and nationalism. ithaca and Oxford.", 1983.
Gordon C. Nagayama Hall, Christy Barongan, Multicultural Psichology, American Psychologist. Vol. 52. No.1, 1997.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. Faith and politics: the rise of the Laskar Jihad in the era of transition in Indonesia. Southeast Asia Program Publications, Cornell University, 2002.
Hasani, Adib. "Kontradiksi Dalam Konsep Politik Islam Eksklusif Sayyid Quthb." Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2016.
Jahroni, Jajang. "Ritual, Bid ‘ah, and the Negotiation of the Public Sphere in Contemporary Indonesia." Studia Islamika. Vol. 25, No.1, 2018.
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Jurdi, S. Pemikiran Politik Islam Indonesia: Pertautan Negara, Khilafah, Masyarakat Madani, dan Demokrasi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2008.
Knott, Kim, and Benjamin J. Lee. "Ideological Transmission in Extremist Contexts: Towards a Framework of How Ideas Are Shared." Politics, Religion & Ideology. Vol. 21. No. 1 2020.
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Kuntowijoyo, Identitas Politik Umat Islam, Bandung: Mizan, 1997.
Madjid, Nurcholish. Islam Doktrin dan Peradaban: Sebuah Telaah Kritis tentang Masalah Keimanan, Kemanusiaan, dan Kemoderenan, Jakarta: Yayasan Wakaf Paramadina, 1992.
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Mahmudah, Husnatul. "Transmisi Ideologi Fundamentalisme Dalam Pendidikan." TAJDID: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman Dan Kemanusiaan. Vol. 1, No. 2, 2017.
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Mubarok, M. Zakki. “Terorisme di Indonesia”. Jurnal Dialog, Vol. 37, No. 2, 2014.
P. S. Ghosh, “Islamic extremism in South Asia,” Int. J. Law, Crime Justice. Vol. 36, No. 4, 2008.
Park, Han Woo. "Hyperlink Network Analysis: A New Method for the Study of Social Structure on The Web." Connections. Vol. 25. No. 1, 2003.
Quintan Wiktorowicz, "Anatomy of the Salafi Movement." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Vol. 29, No. 3, 2006.
Rodin, D., Islam dan Radikalisme: Telaah atas Ayat-Ayat “Kekerasan” dalam al-Qur’an. Addin, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2016.
Rohmah, Maulidatur. Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Islamisme di Perguruan Tinggi: Studi Kasus Transmisi Gerakan Islam di Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Dissertation, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 2013.
Roy, O., The failure of political Islam. USA: Harvard University Press. 1996.
Sagramoso, Domitill, "The Radicalisation of Islamic Salafi Jamaats in the North Caucasus: Moving Closer to the Global Jihad ist Movement?." Europe-Asia Studies. Vol. 64. No. 3, 2012.
Sakai, M. and A. Fauzia, “Performing Muslim Womanhood: Muslim Business Women Moderating Islamic Practices in Contemporary Indonesia,” Islam Christ. Relations, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2016.
Salim, Hairus, Najib Kailani, and Nikmal Azekiyah. "Politik Ruang Publik Sekolah: Negosiasi dan Resistensi di SMUN di Yogyakarta." Dalam Salim dkk, Serial Monograf Praktik Pluralisme. Yogyakarta: CRCS UGM, 2011.
Senaharjanta, Ignasius Liliek, "Peran Kapitalisme Global dalam Penyebaran Ideologi Radikal di Media Sosial." LONTAR: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi. Vol. 6, No.2, 2018.
Shaleh, Gejala Radikalisme di Kalangan Siswa SLTA di Kota Yogyakarta dan Strategi Penenggulangannya, Dissertation, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 2020.
Shaleh, S., Zamroni, Z., Mukminan, M., Zakaria, A.R.B, Formulating Strategies Against Student Radicalism: A Case of Madrasah in Indonesia, International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, No.10, 2020.
Sirozi, Muhammad. “The intellectual roots of Islamic radicalism in indonesia: ja ‘far umar thalib of laskar jihad (jihad fighters) and his educational background”. The Muslim World, Vol. 95, No. 1, 2005.
Sobari, J, Problematika doktrin keagamaan salafi kontemporer. Desertasi tidak dipublikasikan, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, 2012.
Sumartana, dkk., Pluralisme, konflik, dan pendidikan agama di Indonesia. Yogyakarta; Institut DIAN/Interfidei, 2001.
T. R. McCabe, “The Information Confrontation with Radical Islam,” Orbis, Vol. 53, No. 1, 2009.
Tambini, Damain, "Explaining monoculturalism: Beyond Gellner's theory of Nationalism." Critical Review. Vol. 10, No.2, 1996.
Wahid, Din. "Nurturing Salafi manhaj: A Study of Salafi Pesantren in Contemporary Indonesia." Wacana. Vol. 15, No.2, 2014.
Wahid, Wahid, “Islamku Islam Anda Islam Kita; Agama Masyarakat Negara Demokrasi,” Jakarta: Wahid Institute, 2006.
Yin, R. K., Studi Kasus Desain & Metode. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008.
Zuhairi Misrawi, "Kesadaran multikultural dan deradikalisasi pendidikan Islam: pengalaman Bhinneka Tunggal Ika dan Qabul al-Akhar." Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. Vol. 2, No.1, 2013.
Observations and Interviews:
Observation on Millenials Digital Media on August 5-10, 2018.
Observation on Millenials Digital Media on September 1-19, 2018.
Observation on Millenials Digital Media on October 3-16, 2018.
Observation on Millenials Digital Media on November 7-26, 2018.
Interviews with DN on November 13, 2018.
Interviews with IP on November 13, 2018.
Interviews with LPT on November 13, 2018.
Interviews with DN on December 7, 2018.
Al-Sam'ani, Abu Sa'ad 'Abd al-Karim. Al-ansāb. juz III. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1998.
Al-Suyuthi, Jalaluddin. Lub al-lubāb fī tahrīr al-Ansāb. juz 1 . Bairut: Dar al-Fikr (tt).
Al-Zabidy, M. H. Tāj al-ʻArūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs. juz 1. Libanon: Dar Ihya al-Turas al-Araby, 1205.
Aly, Abdullah, and Muhammad Thoyibi. "Violence in Online Media and Its Implication to Islamic Education of Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies. Vol. 10. No.1, 2020.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly “Toleransi dan Intoleransi Beragama di Indonesia Pasca Reformasi,” ICMI. 2014.
Berman, Eli, Hamas, Taliban and The Jewish Underground: An Economist's View of Radical Religious Militias. UC San Diego National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
Berners-Lee, Tim, and Mark Fischetti. Weaving the Web: The original design and ultimate destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor. DIANE Publishing Company, 2001.
Bruinessen, Martin Van. “Genealogioes of Islamic radicalism in post-Soeharto Indonesia,” South East Asia Res. Vol. 10, No. 2, 2002.
Casram, C. "Membangun sikap toleransi beragama dalam masyarakat plural." Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya. Vol. 1, No. 2, 2016.
Darraz, Abdullah Muhd. & Qodir, Zuly, OSIS: Mendayung di Antara Dua Karang: Kebijakan Sekolah, Radikalisme dan Inklusivisme Kebangsaan. Convey Report, Vol. 1, 2018.
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, "Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI)." Jakarta: Gramedia, 2008.
Fealy, Greg, Islamic radicalism in Indonesia: The faltering revival?. Southeast Asian Affairs. 2004.
Foucault, Michel, Power/Knowledge: Wacana Kuasa/Pengetahuan. Yogyakarta: Bintang Budaya, 2002
Foucault, Michel, The history of sexuality: An introduction, volume I. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage, 1990.
Gellner, Ernest, "Nations and nationalism. ithaca and Oxford.", 1983.
Gordon C. Nagayama Hall, Christy Barongan, Multicultural Psichology, American Psychologist. Vol. 52. No.1, 1997.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. Faith and politics: the rise of the Laskar Jihad in the era of transition in Indonesia. Southeast Asia Program Publications, Cornell University, 2002.
Hasani, Adib. "Kontradiksi Dalam Konsep Politik Islam Eksklusif Sayyid Quthb." Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2016.
Jahroni, Jajang. "Ritual, Bid ‘ah, and the Negotiation of the Public Sphere in Contemporary Indonesia." Studia Islamika. Vol. 25, No.1, 2018.
John L. Esposito, The Future of Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2010.
Juergensmeyer, M., Teror atas Nama Tuhan: Kebangkitan Global Kekerasan Agama (Terjemahan oleh Sadat Ismail). Jakarta: Nizam Press. (Edisi asli diterbitkan tahun 2000 oleh University of California Press, Ltd. London, England), 2002.
Jurdi, S. Pemikiran Politik Islam Indonesia: Pertautan Negara, Khilafah, Masyarakat Madani, dan Demokrasi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2008.
Knott, Kim, and Benjamin J. Lee. "Ideological Transmission in Extremist Contexts: Towards a Framework of How Ideas Are Shared." Politics, Religion & Ideology. Vol. 21. No. 1 2020.
Komnas HAM, “Laporan Akhir Tahun Kebebasan Beragama/Berkeyakinan Komnas HAM RI,” 2014 dan 2016.
Kuntowijoyo, Identitas Politik Umat Islam, Bandung: Mizan, 1997.
Madjid, Nurcholish. Islam Doktrin dan Peradaban: Sebuah Telaah Kritis tentang Masalah Keimanan, Kemanusiaan, dan Kemoderenan, Jakarta: Yayasan Wakaf Paramadina, 1992.
Magdalena, Magdalena. "Transmisi ideologi pendidikan fundamentalisme religius di sekolah Islam terpadu Sumatera Utara.", 2017.
Mahmudah, Husnatul. "Transmisi Ideologi Fundamentalisme Dalam Pendidikan." TAJDID: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman Dan Kemanusiaan. Vol. 1, No. 2, 2017.
Malik, Abdul. Patterns boarding school education and radicalism. Dissertation, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta. 2016.
Miles, Matthew B., A. Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldaña. "Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. 3rd.", 2014.
Mubarok, M. Zakki. “Terorisme di Indonesia”. Jurnal Dialog, Vol. 37, No. 2, 2014.
P. S. Ghosh, “Islamic extremism in South Asia,” Int. J. Law, Crime Justice. Vol. 36, No. 4, 2008.
Park, Han Woo. "Hyperlink Network Analysis: A New Method for the Study of Social Structure on The Web." Connections. Vol. 25. No. 1, 2003.
Quintan Wiktorowicz, "Anatomy of the Salafi Movement." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Vol. 29, No. 3, 2006.
Rodin, D., Islam dan Radikalisme: Telaah atas Ayat-Ayat “Kekerasan” dalam al-Qur’an. Addin, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2016.
Rohmah, Maulidatur. Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Islamisme di Perguruan Tinggi: Studi Kasus Transmisi Gerakan Islam di Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Dissertation, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 2013.
Roy, O., The failure of political Islam. USA: Harvard University Press. 1996.
Sagramoso, Domitill, "The Radicalisation of Islamic Salafi Jamaats in the North Caucasus: Moving Closer to the Global Jihad ist Movement?." Europe-Asia Studies. Vol. 64. No. 3, 2012.
Sakai, M. and A. Fauzia, “Performing Muslim Womanhood: Muslim Business Women Moderating Islamic Practices in Contemporary Indonesia,” Islam Christ. Relations, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2016.
Salim, Hairus, Najib Kailani, and Nikmal Azekiyah. "Politik Ruang Publik Sekolah: Negosiasi dan Resistensi di SMUN di Yogyakarta." Dalam Salim dkk, Serial Monograf Praktik Pluralisme. Yogyakarta: CRCS UGM, 2011.
Senaharjanta, Ignasius Liliek, "Peran Kapitalisme Global dalam Penyebaran Ideologi Radikal di Media Sosial." LONTAR: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi. Vol. 6, No.2, 2018.
Shaleh, Gejala Radikalisme di Kalangan Siswa SLTA di Kota Yogyakarta dan Strategi Penenggulangannya, Dissertation, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 2020.
Shaleh, S., Zamroni, Z., Mukminan, M., Zakaria, A.R.B, Formulating Strategies Against Student Radicalism: A Case of Madrasah in Indonesia, International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, No.10, 2020.
Sirozi, Muhammad. “The intellectual roots of Islamic radicalism in indonesia: ja ‘far umar thalib of laskar jihad (jihad fighters) and his educational background”. The Muslim World, Vol. 95, No. 1, 2005.
Sobari, J, Problematika doktrin keagamaan salafi kontemporer. Desertasi tidak dipublikasikan, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, 2012.
Sumartana, dkk., Pluralisme, konflik, dan pendidikan agama di Indonesia. Yogyakarta; Institut DIAN/Interfidei, 2001.
T. R. McCabe, “The Information Confrontation with Radical Islam,” Orbis, Vol. 53, No. 1, 2009.
Tambini, Damain, "Explaining monoculturalism: Beyond Gellner's theory of Nationalism." Critical Review. Vol. 10, No.2, 1996.
Wahid, Din. "Nurturing Salafi manhaj: A Study of Salafi Pesantren in Contemporary Indonesia." Wacana. Vol. 15, No.2, 2014.
Wahid, Wahid, “Islamku Islam Anda Islam Kita; Agama Masyarakat Negara Demokrasi,” Jakarta: Wahid Institute, 2006.
Yin, R. K., Studi Kasus Desain & Metode. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008.
Zuhairi Misrawi, "Kesadaran multikultural dan deradikalisasi pendidikan Islam: pengalaman Bhinneka Tunggal Ika dan Qabul al-Akhar." Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. Vol. 2, No.1, 2013.
Observations and Interviews:
Observation on Millenials Digital Media on August 5-10, 2018.
Observation on Millenials Digital Media on September 1-19, 2018.
Observation on Millenials Digital Media on October 3-16, 2018.
Observation on Millenials Digital Media on November 7-26, 2018.
Interviews with DN on November 13, 2018.
Interviews with IP on November 13, 2018.
Interviews with LPT on November 13, 2018.
Interviews with DN on December 7, 2018.
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Dec 1, 2020
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Author Biography
Mifedwil Jandra, Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogytakarta
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