Journal of Finance and Islamic Banking
Full Lenght Article
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Banking Liquidity: A Case Study of Various Bank Types in Indonesia
Abstract
This study aims to examine the condition of banking liquidity in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing linear regression to analyze factors influencing the liquidity of commercial banks in Indonesia from March 2020 to June 2023. The dependent variable used is the Loan Deposit Ratio (LDR), while the independent variables include Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA), Non-Performing Loans (NPL-gross), and Credit Restructuring Ratio to total Credit. The results reveal that CAR has a significant negative effect on the liquidity of Regional Development Banks (BPD), State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN), Private Banks, and Overseas Bank Branch Offices (KCBLN). Conversely, ROA has a positive and significant impact on state-owned banks but is not significant for BPD, private, and KCBLN banks. The NPL ratio does not significantly influence liquidity across all types of banks. Credit Restructuring Ratio negatively affects BPD and positively affects KCBLN, but it does not have a statistically significant effect on State-Owned and Private Banks. This research is unique as it is the first to examine commercial banks in Indonesia during the pandemic, providing valuable insights into the factors affecting bank liquidity during this period. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining adequate capital and profitability to support bank liquidity, especially during economic crises.
Keywords
Declarations
Publisher's Note
Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
References
Agustina, R.S., (2021) The Credit Restructuring as a Form of Protection Againts Customers During the Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Law Reconstruction.
Ahmad, Lubis., F.Lica Kristiya, A., Putri N.O., Pratiwi., B., Bisnis.,IA & Lampung (2020) “Pengaruh Restrukturisasi Kredit terhadap Likuiditas Bank Jangkar selama Pandemi Covid-19.
Akhtar, M., Ali,,K & Sadaqat S (2011). Liquidity Risk Management: A Comparative study between Conventional and Islamic Bank of Pakistan. Lahor: Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business.
Akbar, A., & Kartawinata, BR (2021). Analisis Non Performing Loan (NPL) Pada Bank Pembangunan Daerah Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Sebelum Dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19.Jurnal E-Bis (Ekonomi-Bisnis),5 (1).
Al-Harbi, Ahmad (2017). Determinants of bank liquidity: evidence from OIC countries.
Bramantya,B., & Arfinto,E.D., (2015). Analisis Pengaruh Size, Profitabilitas, Capital Adequacy dan Non-Performing Loan terhadap Likuiditas Bank Umum yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011-2014. Diponegoro Journal of Management, Vol 4(3).
Case, Karl.E. dan Fair, C. Ray (1997). Prinsip-Prinsip Ekonomi. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Dias Satria., (2018). Panel Data with Stata.
Emilda, Meilin Veronica., (2022). Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Stimulus Covid-19 melalui Restrukturisasi Kredit pada Permodalan dan Likuiditas Perbankan dan BPR. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Global Masa Kini, Vol 13 (2).
Fadilah,E.N., & Aji, T.S., (2018) Pengaruh Faktor Internal dan Inflasi terhadap Likuiditas pada Bank Pembangunan Daerah di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen (JIM).
Feyen, E., Alonso Gispert, T., Kliatskova,T., & Mare, D.S (2021). Financial Sector Policy Response to Covid-19 in Emerging Markets and Developong Economies. Journal of Banking & Finance.
Fraser, L.M & Ormiston A (2016), Understanding Financial Statements (11th ed). Perason Education Limited. www.pearsonglobaleditions.com.
Ghozali, Imam (2013). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 21: Update PLS Regresi: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Gujarati, D.N., & Porter, D.C. 2009. Basic Econometrics (fith edition). New York:McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Gautama BP., Annisa R., & Waspada I (2018) Pengaruh kecukupan modal dan risiko kredit terhadap likuiditas pada Bank Umum Syariah yang terdaftar di Bank Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi dan Keuangan.
Hastria Ningsih, S., Hari Risetiadi,A., Bangek,S., Gadang, B., Koto Tangah, K., & Padang, K., (N.D). Efektifitas Restrukturisasi Kredit di Masa Pandemi.
Hariyani, I. (2010).Restrukturisasi dan penghapusan kredit macet. Elex Media Komputindo.
Kholiq, A., & Rahmawati,R (2020). Dampak Impementasi Restrukturisasi Pembiayaan Terhadap Likuiditas Bank Syariah pada Situasi Pandemi Covid-19. Journal of Islamic Economic and Business,3 (2).
Kustina,K.T., Suryawan,I.G.M.N., & Utari,.I.G.A (2022), Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Restrukturisasi Kredit Terhadap Laba dan Likuiditas BPR di Kabupaten Badung. Wacana Ekonomi (Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Akuntansi).
Mahyus, Ekananda (2018) Analisis Ekonometrika Untuk Keuangan, Penerbit Salemba Empat.
Masyhud Ali (2006), Manajemen Risiko, Rajawali Press.
Muharam, Harjum., Kurnia, Hasna Penta (2013) The Influece of Fundamental Factors to Liquidity Risk on Banking Industry: Comparative Study between Islamic Bank and Conventional Bank in Indonesia. Universitas Diponegoro.
Muchlis A., D & Suganda A (2021) Restructuring of Banking Credit as a Safety Efforts to Improve Credits that are made in Notary, European Scholar Journal.
OJK (2020), Laporan Keuangan Tahunan 2020, 2021 dan 2022
OJK (2021), Laporan Keuangan Tahunan 2021.
OJK (2022). Pertemuan Tahunan Industri Jasa Keuangan 2022.
Qua S Shah.A., Khan I Sadaqat,S & Shah A (2018) Factors Affecting Liquidity of Banks Empirical Evidence from the Banking sector o Pakistan. Colombo Business Journal.
Rahardja, Pratama dan Manurung, Mandal. (2008). Teori Ekonomi Makro, Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Indonesia.
Sholihin, M., Anggraini, Puspita G, (2020). Analisis Data Penelitian Menggunakan Software STATA, Penerbit Andi.
Seto, AA., Susanto, Tolak., Miftahorrozi, Miftahorrozi., Simanjorang, Tienni Mariana., Moridus, Irwan., & Posumah, Nurcahya Hartaty,. (2022) Restrukturisasi Kredit Saat Pandemi Covid-19: Apakah Konsisten dengan Prediksi?
Santoso, A., Murni, S., & Nugrahining, P. (2012). Likuiditas Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia. Seminar Nasional dan Call for Papers Ekonomi Syariah “Indonesia sebagai kiblat ekonomi syariah.”.
Thong, Truong Quang., (2014). Factors Affecting Liquidity Risk in the System of Vietnamese Commercial Banks, Jurnal of Economics Development, University of Economic Ho Chi Minh City.
Topbie, Joseph A, Ibiwari, Fiberesima, Nwankwo, Godgift A., Impact of Macroeconomic Behaviour on Deposit Money Bank Liquidity in Nigeria. European Journal of Economic and Financial Research.
Veithzal Rivai, & Andria Permata (2006), Credit Management Handbook, Rajawali Press.
Viverita, Yosman Bustaman, Dwi Nastiti Danarsari. (2023), Liquidity creation by Islamic and Conventional Banks during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research Article in Science Direct.
Vodova, Pavla., “Determinants of Commercial Bank Liqudity in Hungary., Financial Internet Quarterly “e-finance” 2013.
Wooldridge, J.M. (2006). Introductory Econometrics: A modern Approach (sixth edition). Boston: Cengage Learning.
Widyastuti, Shinta., Mariani, Cindy., (2023). Restrukturisasi Kredit dan Kecukupan Modal: Apakah mempengaruhi Likuiditas? Jurnal Akuntansi, Vol.33 No.6.
Copyright and permissions
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Bibliographic Information
