Leksema: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra

THE INFLUENCE OF WORD STRESS ON EFL LEARNERS' TOT STATE

2023-05-05T03:09:05+07:00

Tip of the Tongue (ToT) is a condition that hinders the production of fluency in speech. This study aims to identify stress patterns and factors that influence the emergence of ToT states. This research used a quantitative approach with the basis of ToT analysis theory from Brown and McNeill. For collecting data, it used an experimental design with EFL students in Kampung Inggris Pare as the objects by involving total 15 participants aged from 18th to 21st years old or late teens. The results show that the language features appearing from the experiment including words (65%), first syllables (24%), last syllables (3%), and letters (6%). The first syllable shows 21% occurrences more than that of the last syllable. There is no identification of stress in the completion of ToT in terms of the appearance of the dominating first syllable. It means that stress does not affect the completion of the ToT, but the frequency of syllables. The other factors that affect ToT in EFL include the mental processes of EFL learners, the sound imitations towards direct communication, and the teacher's role in teaching pronunciation.

CHALLENGING CULTURAL APPROPRIATION: PALESTINIAN CULTURAL IDENTITY IN RADHWĀ ‘ĀSYŪR’S NOVEL ATH-THANTHŪRIYYAH

2023-05-05T03:31:49+07:00

This article aims to describe the cultural elements of Palestinian people in Radhwā ‘Āsyūr's novel, ath-Thanthūriyyah, which depicts Palestinian refugees' misery, Palestinian culture, and the struggle to defend Palestinian national identity as experienced by its main character, Ruqayyah. This study uses a literary anthropology perspective through the seven cultural elements defined by Koentjaraningrat. It employs a descriptive-qualitative approach with the data collected in the from words, phrases, sentences, and dialogues in the novel. According to the findings, there are seven elements of Palestinian culture, namely language, knowledge system, technology system, art, religious system, social organization, and livelihood system These cultural elements are presented as a form of resistance to cultural appropriation that happens because of the Israeli occupation.

THE TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF SWITCHING AND MIXING CODES IN ENGLISH STUDENTS’ ONLINE DISCUSSIONS

2023-07-08T18:43:56+07:00

This study aims to discover the switching and mixing code types and their functions that are dominantly used in student online discussions. This research was designed in descriptive-qualitative method by using video recordings and interviews from Pragmatics class of postgraduate degree students as the data sources. The obtained data were then analyzed using Miles and Huberman model of analysis by involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that students frequently switched and mixed codes during the discussions. In this case, ode mixing was dominantly occurred compared to code switching. There were 78 occurrences of code changes in total, with the proportions of 44 mixings and 34 switchings. Dealing with the types, insertion code mixing was found to be the mostly used in the discussions whereas intersentenential switching becomes the least. The phenomena of code switching and mixing in the classroom discussions has various functions, i.e.: for communication strategy, for delivering the meaning, for making clarification of the information, for defining specific terms, and for increasing understanding. This study also reflects the students' positive attitudes toward using switching and mixing codes in classroom discussion activities. It is recommended for further research to ensure the appropriate strategies for the teachers in switching and mixing codes for both offline and online classes.

CONTEMPLATING RELIGIOUS WORK ETHICS IN 'THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS' AND 'DOA YANG MENGANCAM'

2023-06-11T18:39:38+07:00

The two films The Pursuit of Happyness (2006) and Doa yang Mengancam (2008) as the representations of Protestant and Muslim communities both demonstrate significant implications toward the dynamics of work ethics. The problem addressed by this comparison of two cinematic works is the influences of two different religious values on personal work ethics. The foundation of comparative literature paradigm is the idea that by studying literary works from various cultural and linguistic contexts, we can better understand how historical and cultural situations form human experiences--in this case, religious work ethics--occur. The aim of this research is to compare the representation of work ethics within the two main characters in the films as influenced by their respective religious values. The theory used for solving the case is Stuart Hall's (1997) representation theory by using the constructivism paradigm (symbolic, image, discursive, and myth function) with qualitative research method. The findings show that Chris, as a Protestant, has higher work ethics than Madrim, a young Muslim, according to Max Weber's Protestant Ethic principles. However, this situation has an impact on the Protestant’s attitude which is more materialistic than that of the Muslim which shows an equality between worldly wealth and good deeds in the afterlife.

STRENGTHENING STUDENTS' RELIGIOUS MODERATION THROUGH ENGLISH LEARNING MATERIALS

2023-08-24T18:48:55+07:00

This study aims at developing English teaching materials by internalizing religious moderation for non-English students at Islamic higher education. The developed learning materials is in the form of module that is compiled based on students’ needs. This is a Research and Development (R&D) with need analysis, planning, development, revision, and production. The subjects of this study were two English lecturers of non-English study program at UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta. The data were obtained from observation in the classrooms, interviews on Islamic moderation, and the document of English learning book. The expert judgments were applied to validate the development of the English materials. The developed materials do not only contain language competences, but also consist of some topics based on contextual learning with the basis of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) which is integrated with religious moderation values. The themes coming from students’ needs are: tolerance, respecting others, false information (hoax), helping each other, multiculturalism, and bullying. The internalization of religious moderation in developing English teaching materials is considered supportive to prevent the students from intolerance and radicalism.

STYLISTICS ANALYSES OF 'ONE ART', 'DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT', AND 'VILLANELLE OF SPRING BELLS'

2023-10-19T11:16:44+07:00

Stylistic elements play crucial roles in poetry writing, particularly for making poems sound more pleasing and meaningful. This paper, accordingly, aimed to find out the phonological, graphological, and grammatical features in villanelles,19-line poems with six stanzas, entitled One Art, Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night, and Villanelle of Spring Bells. This study employed a descriptive-qualitative method with the data in the forms of 52 prepositional phrases. The findings indicate that, there are two main phonological features in the villanelles, namely consonance and assonance. Aside from that, each villanelle shows graphological features in the forms of different punctuation marks that reflect various meanings. There are also the uses of capital letters at the beginning of each stanza. Regarding the grammatical aspects, prepositional phrases have the highest frequency with the total of 52 occurrences in all the three villanelles. The use of these stylistic elements facilitates the readers to understand the messages of literary works. The readers could gain knowledge of the phonological, graphological, and grammatical features of villanelles by studying the stylistic elements in these three villanelles.

LANGUAGE SHIFTS IN JAVANESE NAMING SYSTEM: A CASE IN NGINCEP VILLAGE, YOGYAKARTA

2023-10-16T05:01:30+07:00

The naming system for Javanese is an impressive tradition performing the Javanese culture and identity and has historically been the case in Javanese culture. The goal of this study is to identify and describe the name patterns of Ngincep citizens from 1900s to 2023, to investigate the cultural factors influencing the naming system of Ngincep residents, and to expose individual attention in the naming system as well as to map the language shifts. This research employed ethnographic and interactive models, each of which was implemented by participant observation and interviews. Additionally, sociolinguistic, ethnolinguistic, and onomastic approaches were also involved in this study. This study was located in Ngincep, a village in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province. The data suggest that Javanese people's naming system in Ngincep was significantly affected by social classes, as discovered by Geertz, from the beginning of the 1900s to several decades later. However, the advancement of technology has recently changed this system, as evidenced by the number of words in names and the propensity of groups or individuals in naming children. The reason behind this phenomenon is also supposedly coming from the long-standing flexibility in the naming system for Javanese society, in general, and Yogyakarta Palace servant members, in particular, who are assigned as a part of their responsibilities to preserve Javanese culture and language, one of the cultural products.

THE ALORESE LANDSCAPE TERMINOLOGY: FORM, FUNCTION, AND SEMANTIC REFERENCES IN AN AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGE IN EAST INDONESIA

2024-01-03T15:05:17+07:00

This paper aims to describe the landscape and seascape terminology of Alorese, an Austronesian language spoken in the Alor archipelago of eastern Indonesia. Alorese uses unique way of expressing landscape terminology by retaining some of its ancestral Austronesian landscape terminology and innovating relatively new forms, functions and semantic references from its neighboring non-Austronesian languages. Previous research show that Alorese has innovated relatively new forms due to contact with its surrounding non-Austronesian languages. The current paper fills the gap where there has not been any discussion regarding the Alorese landscape terminology outside its preposition function. Discussion on cross-linguistic categorization, such as landscapes in areas such as eastern Indonesia is proven to be fruitful. The Alorese linguistic landscapes are expressed through geographical references and some forms appear unique to Alorese's dialectal variations. In general, the reference to elevations and directionalities in Alorese is achieved through geographical references, such as nala kokar ‘towards Kokar (a town)’ or klou lau ‘seawards (lau 'sea')’ rather than generic land form terms, suchas wara ‘westwards’ which is also an Indonesian loan barat ‘west’. Its non-Austronesian borrowed terminologies include words, such as iti dola ‘mountainwards’, containing loanwords from Alor-Pantar (Papuan) languages dol ‘mountain’. The data of this research were gathered from my 2018 and 2020 fieldwork in 14 Alorese villages located across the northern coast of Alor and Pantar as well as the small islands of Buaya and Ternate. Collections of terminologies show variations in the use of words not only depending on the geographical references, but also relative to the neighboring non-Austronesian languages.