The Distribution of Sundanese Language on the Southern Coast of West Java: A Dialectological Study

Undang  Sudana; Nunung Sitaresmi; Diah Wulandari

doi:10.22515/ljbs.v11i2.13359

Authors

Undang Sudana Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7114-5153
Nunung Sitaresmi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Diah Wulandari Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-8382

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v11i2.13359

Keywords:

coast, dialectology, geolinguistics, Sundanese language

Abstract

This study aims to describe the distribution of phonological, morphological, and lexical variations in the Sundanese language on the southern coast of West Java, covering the regencies of Pangandaran, Garut, and Sukabumi as an effort to map dialects in an area that has not been thoroughly studied. The study uses a mixed method with a descriptive approach, covering 180 glosses, 18 observation points, and 32 informants selected based on dialectological criteria. The analysis was conducted through a structural dialectology and socio-dialectology framework, taking into account the phonological and morphological rules of the Sundanese language. The distribution of each gloss was visualized through geospatial mapping using ArcGIS 10.5. The results of the study showed that there were 62 glosses with phonological differences, 25 glosses with morphological differences, and 112 glosses with lexical variations. These distribution patterns form core, transitional, and innovative areas related to the geographical conditions and intensity of social contact among speakers. These findings confirm that the southern coastal region is a dynamic linguistic space that is important for understanding the development of Sundanese dialects, as well as providing a basis for efforts to document and preserve regional languages in West Java.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anggraeni, D. (2024). Dialect variation in everyday communication in Majalengka: A sociolinguistic study of Sundanese language use. The 4th National Conference of Caruban Proceedings (pp. 28‒35). IPB Cirebon. https://carubanproceeding.ipbcirebon.ac.id/

Ayatrohaedi. (1983). Dialektologi: sebuah pengantar. Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa.

Azmi, M. D. A., & Hamzah, S. N. (2024). Variasi kata ganti nama dalam dialek Melayu di Kelantan Selatan: Analisis GIS. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 8(3), 1‒15. https://doi.org/10.17576/jws.v8i3.592

Chambers, J. K., & Trudgill, P. 1998. Dialectology (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805103

Holmes, J. 2013. An introduction to sociolinguistics (4th ed). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315833057

Irwansyah, I., & Yanti, D. (2022).Dialektologi bahasa Sunda di Kecamatan Kemang Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Sasindo Unpam, 10(2), 24–53. https://doi.org/10.32493/sasindo.v10i2.24-53

Kridalaksana, H. (2009). Kamus linguistik. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama

Mahsun. 1995. Dialektologi diakronis: Sebuah pengantar. Gadjah Mada University Press

Meyerhoff, M. (2018). Introducing sociolinguistics. Routledge

Mutmainah, S., Haryanto, F. A. R., Astuti, D., Kismanto, S. A., Qonitulhaq, E. F. R., & Muharudin, E. (2024). Variations of Sundanese in agrarian societies in Central Java. Athena: Journal of Social, Culture and Society, 2(4), 408‒417. https://doi.org/10.58905/athena.v2i4.302

Prayoga, H. (2024). Inovasi leksikal Bahasa Sunda di Kabupaten Majalengka: Kajian geografi dialek. Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia Prima, 6(2), 225‒235. https://doi.org/10.34012/bip.v6i2.5784

Rumalean, I., Subroto, G., & Tabelessy, N. (2026). Gorom isolect in Regency Seram bagian timur of Maluku Province: A dialectological study. Dialectologia, Winter (36), 145‒171. https://doi.org/10.1344/DIALECTOLOGIA.36.8

Sa'adah, A., Kumala, S. N., Sukmawan, S., & Rusmawati, R. (2025). Dialect variation and social identity. Pioneer: Journal of Language and Literature, 17(2), 287‒300.

https://doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v17i2.7226

Sadigzade, Z. (2025). Dialect diversity and social change: New approaches in sociolinguistics. Journal of Azerbaijan Language and Education Studies, 2(3), 91‒107. https://doi.org/10.69760/jales.2025002017

Starr, R. L. (2023). Sociolinguistics in maritime Southeast Asia. In The Routledge handbook of sociolinguistics around the world (pp. 238‒247).

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003198345

Sudana, U., Nurhadi, J., Resmini, N., Wulandari, D., & Andrian, A. (2025). Perbandingan fonologi Bahasa Sunda di Kabupaten Pangandaran dan Sukabumi, Jawa Barat: Kajian dialektologi. Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, dan Sastra, 11(1), 1338‒1353. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v11i1.4793

Sudaryanto. 2015. Metode dan aneka teknik analisis bahasa. Sanata Dharma University Press

Sudaryat, Y., et al. 2007. Tatabasa Sunda Kiwari. Bandung: Yrama Widya

Sumilih, D. A., Ras, A., & Henri, H. (2024). Stratifikasi sosial dan variasi bahasa: Narasi linguistik atas mobilitas sosial. Indonesian Journal of Intellectual Publication, 5(1), 59‒71. https://doi.org/10.51577/ijipublication.v5i1.613

Susanti, Y. R. (2022). Kurangnya penggunaan dan pemahaman berbahasa Sunda di kalangan remaja. Dewantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Humaniora, 1(3), 74‒77. https://doi.org/10.30640/dewantara.v1i3.403

Thamrin, H., & Isnendes, R. (2020). Sundanese dialect in Sinar Resmi traditional village in Cisolok District, Sukabumi Regency (Phonological perspective). In Twelfth Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2019) (pp. 89‒96). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200406.018

van Gijn, R., Wahlström, M., Ruch, H., & Hasse, A. (2023). Introduction: Bridging the gap between individual interactions and areal patterns. In Language contact: Bridging the gap between individual interactions and areal patterns (pp. 1‒16). Language Science Press

Wagiati, W., & Zein, D. (2020). Tarik-menarik bahasa Sunda dan bahasa Jawa di Kabupaten Pangandaran dalam tinjauan dialektoekolinguistik. Mabasan, 14(1), 107‒128. https://doi.org/10.62107/mab.v14i1.332

Zulaeha, I. 2010. Dialektologi: Dialek geografi dan dialek sosial. Graha Ilmu