THE THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN FOSTERING RELIGIOUS HARMONY IN INDONESIA: A HISTORICAL REVIEW, CHALLENGES, AND POLICY TOWARDS MODERATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22515/ajipp.v5i1.9181Keywords:
Religious Moderation, Indonesia, Ministry of Religious Affairs, Religious HarmonyAbstract
This article explores the concept of moderation held by the State through the program run by the Ministry of Religious Affairs named Moderasi Beragama (Religious Moderation). The discussion consists of religious moderation throughout history of Indonesia, highlighted it as a moderate approach supported and organised by the state, including its strategies and challenges. This qualitative research uses content analysis as an analytical method of collecting data from primary and secondary sources. The study showed that Religious Moderation was campaigned by the State through several programs, strategies and a similar proposed agenda started even from the New Order era to the disruption era. Constructed by the multi-religious theological concept of moderation and strengthened by the State constitutional basis, the program met challenges that should develop some strategies to implement religious moderation effectively and efficiently. Although radicalism has not been completely eradicated, at least the state has committed to fostering religious harmony and moderation through inclusive state policies and collaborative efforts with various religious and community stakeholders.
Downloads
References
“Agenda Moderasi Beragama Dalam SKB 3 Menteri,” February 2021. https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2021/02/pemerintah-terbitkan-keputusan-bersama-tiga-menteri.
Anas Saidi. “Islam and Multiculturalism: Challenge to the Future of Democracy in Indonesia.” Jurnal Masyarakat & Bsudaya 14, no. 2 (2012).
Arif, Khairan M. “Concept and Implementation of Religious Moderation in Indonesia.” Al-Risalah: Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Pemikiran Islam 12, no. 1 (2021).
Aspinall, Edward, Marcus Mietzner, and Dirk Tomsa. “The Moderating President: Yudhoyono’s Decade in Power.” The Yudhoyono Presidency: Indonesia’s Decade of Stability and Stagnation, 2015, 1–21.
Darung, Afrianus, Yohanes Yuda, Sekolah Tinggi, Kateketik Pastoral, Katolik Bina, Insan Keuskupan, and Agung Samarinda. “Keterlibatan Gereja Katolik Mendukung Moderasi Beragama Berorientasi Pada Komitmen Kebangsaan.” Jurnal Kateketik Pastoral. Vol. 5, 2021.
Dorsey, James M. “Indonesia : A Major Prize in the Battle for the Soul of Islam,” 2020.
Fathurrohman, Oman. “Kenapa Harus Moderasi Beragama_,” n.d.
Flynn, Sean Joseph. “Debt Structure and Future Financing and Investment.” ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, 2017.
Hans-Christian Gunther. “Islamic Values in the World Today - Indonesia and the Islamic World.” SUnan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization 4, no. 1 (2021).
Hefner, Robert W. The Religious Field: Plural Legacies and Contemporary Contestations. Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Indonesia, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315628837.
Hoesterey, James Bourk. “Public Diplomacy and the Global Dissemination of ‘Moderate Islam.’” In Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Indonesia, 406–16, 2015.
Ida Bagus Gede Candrawan UHN Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar, Oleh I. “Prosiding Seminar Nasional Moderasi Beragama STHD Klaten Tahun,” 2020.
Kawangung, Yudhi. “Religious Moderation Discourse in Plurality of Social Harmony in Indonesia.” International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 1 (2019): 160–70. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v3n1.277.
Kemenag RI. “Respon Era Disrupsi, Kemenag Perkuat Gerakan Literasi Keagamaan Milenial,” 2019.
Kementerian Agama RI. Moderasi Beragama, 2019.
Mamdani, Mahmood. “Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: A Political Perspective on Culture and Terrorism.” American Anthropologist 104, no. 3 (2002): 766–75.
MANDAVILLE, PETER, and SHADI HAMID. “ISLAM AS STATECRAFT: HOW GOVERNMENTS USE RELIGION IN FOREIGN POLICY.” Foreign Policy at Brookings, no. November (2018): 1–27. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/FP_20181116_islam_as_statecraft.pdf.
Menchik, Jeremy. “CRAFTING INDONESIAN DEMOCRACY: Inclusion-Moderation and the Sacralizing of the Postcolonial State.” In Democratic Transition in the Muslim World, edited by ALFRED STEPAN. New York: Columbia University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7312/step18430.
MORA. “KEPUTUSAN DIREKTUR JENDERAL PENDIDIKAN ISLAM 897 TAHUN 2021,” n.d.
———. “KEPUTUSAN DIREKTUR JENDERAL PENDIDIKAN ISLAM NOMOR 7272 Tahun 2019,” n.d.
———. “KEPUTUSAN MENTERI AGAMA REPUBLIK INDONESIA N0.93 TAHUN. 2022,” n.d.
Nubowo, A. “Jokowi’s Soft Diplomacy: Global Islamic Network of Moderation.” RSIS Commentary, no. 119 (2018): 1–3. https://www.academia.edu/download/57304824/Jokowis_Diplomacy_--_Andar_Nubowo.pdf.
Patrick Ziegenhain. “Islam and Nation-Building in Indonesia and Malaysia.” ASIEN 146, no. January (2018).
Penyusun, Tim. Moderasi Beragama. Jakarta: Kementerian Agama RI, 2019.
Rizky, Ahmad, Mardhatillah Umar, Motoki Yamaguchi, and Muhammad Ansor. “A Genealogy of Moderate Islam: Governmentality and Discourses of Islam in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy” 23, no. 3 (2016).
Ropi, Ismatu. “Whither Religious Moderation? The State and Management of Religious Affairs in Contemporary Indonesia.” Studia Islamika 26, no. 3 (2019): 597–601. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v26i3.14055.
Shihab, M Quraish. Wasathiyyah Wawasan Islam Tentang Moderasi Beragama. Lentera Hati Group, 2019.
Siahaya, Johannis, Nunuk Rinukti, Ho Lucky Setiawan, Charista Jasmine Siahaya, and Vicky Samuel Sutiono. “Menstimulasi Sikap Kerukunan Dalam Jemaat: Sebuah Model Moderasi Beragama Menurut Roma 14:1-4.” KURIOS 7, no. 2 (October 2021). https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v7i2.338.
Sudrajat, Tatang, Supiana Supiana, and Qiqi Yuliati Zakiah. “Higher Education, Nation Character, and Religious Moderation Program: A Public Policy Perspective.” Journal of Asian Social Science Research 3, no. 1 (2021): 73–92. https://doi.org/10.15575/jassr.v3i1.35.
Sujono, Imam, Zuman Malaka, Lia Istifhama, Nasiri Nasiri, and Saiul Anah. “Efforts to Strengthen Islamic Moderation of Islamic Religious Universities in Indonesia.” In Proceedings of the 6th Batusangkar International Conference, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-10-2021.2319459.
Sya’bani, Mohammad Ahyan Yusuf. “Culture of Religious Moderation Through the Actualization of Islamic Education Wasatiyyah to Improve Religious Reconnection and Tolerance in Indonesia.” Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Reserach 585 (2021): 528–36.
Umar, Ahmad Rizky Mardhatillah. “A Genealogy of Moderate Islam: Governmentality and Discourses of Islam in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy.” Studia Islamika 23, no. 3 (2016).
Undang-Undang 1945, Pasal 29 (n.d.).
Yudhiyansyah, Angga. “The Role of the State in the Formation of Moderate Islam in Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Sosiologi Agama 6, no. 1 (2014): 1–22. http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/ushuluddin/SosiologiAgama/article/view/2327.
Yusuf, Muhammad Zulfikar, and Destita Mutiara. “Diseminasi Informasi Moderasi Beragama: Analisis Konten Website Kementerian Agama.” Dialog 45, no. 1 (2022): 127–37. https://doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v45i1.535.
Zainal Abidin Bagir, Dkk. Politik Moderasi Dan Kebebasan Beragama: Suatu Tinjauan Kritis. Edited by Jimmy M.I. Sormin Zainal Abidin Bagir. PT Elex Media Komputindo Kompas Gramedia, n.d.
Zuhri, Syaifudin. “Regimented Islamophobia: Islam, State, and Governmentality in Indonesia.” Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies 9, no. 2 (2021): 387–422. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v9i2.8249.
Zurbuchen, Mary S. “History, Memory, and the ‘1965 Incident’ in Indonesia.” Asian Survey 42, no. 4 (2002): 564–81.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Nadia Rizky
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
