Islamism, Muslim Millennials, and Local Political Contestation in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22515/dinika.v6i2.4844Keywords:
Islamism, Muslim Millennials, Islamic Literacy, ToleranceAbstract
There is a trend of increasing Islamism after the 1998 Reformation Era in Indonesia. The previous studies reveal that it is caused, among others, by the weakness of the state, the decline of the authority of moderate Islamic groups, and the use of social media as da’wahchannels by Islamist groups. This studi is qualitative-based research by employing descriptive method and social content analysis of social media. The data were collected through observations (field study) of the election process in the Solo area, from social media, and in-depth interviews with academicians of UIN Surakarta, the initiators, and participants of the LISaN program. This study revealed that the low quality of political education, manipulative information spread on social media, and lack of autonomous political participation by the Muslim millennials have also contributed to the rise of Islamism. Therefore, the Islamic literacy for courteous and tolerant behavior (Literasi Islam Santun dan toleran, LISaN) is necessary to counter the Islamist movement. The LISaN movement which take form a noisy tolerant majority can be a means of values reproduction and encourage individual participation in political and religious affairs, in a polite and tolerant manner.
References
AF, Ahmad Gaus. 2013. “Pemetaan Problem Radikalisme di SMU Negeri di 4 Daerah.” Maarif: Arus Pemikiran Islam dan Sosial 8 (1): 174–91.
Agus Suyanto, Paulus Hartono. 2016. Laskar dan Mennonite: Perjumpaan Islam-Kristen untuk Perdamaian Indonesia. Jakarta: PT BPK Gunung Mulia.
Althoff, Michael Rush & Phillip. 1986. Sosiologi Politik. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Amoateng, Elizabeth Biney & Acheampong Yaw. 2019. “Youth Political Participation: A Qualitative Study of Undergraduate Students at the University of Ghana.” AFFRIKA: Journal of Politics, Economics and Society Special Is (July): 9–25.
Anwar, M. Zainal. 2020. “Pilkada Tanpa Kontrak Politik.” Solopos, December 15, 2020.
Arifianto, Alexander R. 2020. “The State of Political Islam in Indonesia: The Historical Antecedent and Future Prospects.” Asia Policy 15 (4): 111–32.
Azra, Azyumardi. 2014. “Kartosuwiryo dan NII: Kajian Ulang (Book Review).” Studia Islamika: Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies 21 (1): 175–82.
Baidhawy, Zakiyuddin. 2010. “Dinamika Radikalisme dan Konflik Bersentimen Keagamaan di Surakarta.” Annual Conference on Islamic Studies (ACIS) Ke-10. Banjarmasin.
Berman, Sheri. 2003. “Islamism, Revolution, and Civil Society.” American Political Science Association 1 (2): 257–72.
Bernadine Bradya, Robert J. Chaskinb, Caroline McGregora. 2020. “Promoting Civic and Political Engagement among Marginalized Urban Youth in Three Cities: Strategies and Challenges.” Children and Youth Services Review 116: 1–11.
Bräuchler, Birgit. 2004. “Islamic Radicalism Online: The Moluccan Mission of the Laskar Jihad in Cyberspace.” The Australian Journal of Anthropology 15 (3): 253–71.
Brenner, Suzanne April. 1998. “The Domestication of Desire: Women, Wealth, and Modernity in Java.” London: Princeton University Press.
Duverger, Maurice. 1981. Sosiologi Politik. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Edward Aspinall, Noor Rohman, Ahmad Zainul Hamdi, Rubaidi and Zusiana Elly Triantini. 2017. “Vote Buying in Indonesia: Candidate Strategis, Market Logic and Effectiveness.” Journal of East Asian Studies 17 (1): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/jea.2016.31.
Fallis, Don. 2011. “Floridi on Disinformation.” Ethics and Politics XIII (2): 201–14.
Fanani, Ahmad Fuad. 2013. “Fenomena Radikalisme di Kalangan Kaum Muda.” Jurnal Maarif : Arus Pemikiran Islam Dan Sosial 8 (1): 4–13.
Garadian, Dita Kirana & Endi Aulia. 2020. “Religious Trend in Contemporary Indonesia: Conservatism Domination on Social Media.” Jakarta. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v27i2.16766.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. 2010. “The Drama of Jihad: The Emergence of Salafi Youth in Indonesia.” In Being Young and Muslim: New Cultural Politics in the Global South and North, edited by Linda Herrera & Asef Bayat, 49–76. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hidayat, Bagja. 2018. “Paham Radikal di Kampus Kita.” Tempo, 2018.
Hosen, Nadirshah. 2008. “Online Fatwa in Indonesia: From Fatwa Shopping to Googling a Kiai.” In Expressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia, edited by Greg Fealy and Sally White, 159–73. Singapura: ISEAS dan Yusof Ishak Institute.
Jati, Wasisto Raharjo. 2016. “Aktivisme Kelas Menengah Berbasis Media Sosial: Munculnya Relawan dalam Pemilu 2014.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 20 (2): 147–116.
Kafid, Nur. 2016. “Dari Islamisme Ke ‘Premanisme’: Pergeseran Orientasi Gerakan Kelompok Islam Radikal di Era Desentralisasi Demokrasi.” MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi 21 (80): 57–79.
———. 2018. “Political Clientelism as the Way of Survival of Radical Islamic Group Movement in Cianjur, West Java.” Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 26 (1): 67–93. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.26.1.2300.
Karim, Syahrir. 2016. “Islamisme dan Konstruksi Gerakan Politik Partai Keadilan Sejahtera dan Hizb Tahrir Indonesia di Sulawesi Selatan.” Review Politik 6 (1): 90–118.
Kim Andersen, Jakob Ohme, Camilla Bjarnøe, Mats Joe Bordacconi, Erik Albæk, Claes de Vreese. 2021. Generational Gaps in Political Media Use and Civic Engagement: From Baby Boomers to Generation Z. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. London & New York. London and New York: Rouledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Lengauer, Dayana. 2018. “Sharing Semangat Taqwa: Social Media and Digital Islamic Socialities in Bandung.” Indonesia and the Malay World 46 (134): 5–23.
Maarif, Mohammad Iqbal Ahnaf Samsul, and Budi Asyhari-Afwan Muhammad Afdillah. 2015. Politik Lokal dan Konflik Keagamaan: Pilkada dan Struktur Kesempatan Politik dalam Konflik Keagamaan di Sampang, Bekasi, dan Kupang. Yogykarta: CRCS-UGM.
Machmudi, Yon. 2008. Islamising Indonesia: The Rise of Jamaah Tarbiyah and The Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). ANU E Press. Canberra: ANU E Press.
McGann, Anthony. 2016. “Voting Choice and Rational Choice.” Oxford Research Encyclopedias, Politics: 1–12.
Michael, Adas. 1988. Ratu Adil: Tokoh dan Gerakan Milenarian Menentang Kolonial Eropa. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Mietzner, Marcus, and Burhanuddin Muhtadi. 2018. “Explaining the 2016 Islamist Mobilisation in Indonesia: Religious Intolerance, Militant Groups and the Politics of Accommodation.” Asian Studies Review 42 (3): 479–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2018.1473335.
Mubarak, M. Zaki. 2015. “Dari NII Ke ISIS: Transformasi Ideologi dan Gerakan dalam Islam Radikal di Indonesia Kontemporer.” Episteme: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 10 (1): 77–98.
Mudhoffir, Abdil Mughis. 2015. “Political Islam and Religious Violence in Post-New Order Indonesia.” MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi 20 (1): 1–22.
Nelson, Samuel P. Huntington dan Joan. 1994. Partisipasi Politik di Negara Berkembang. 2nd ed. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.
Nisa(dkk), Yunita Faela. 2018. Gen Z: Kegalauan Identitas Keagamaan. Edited by Didin Syafruddin & Ismatu Ropi. Jakarta: PPIM-UIN Jakarta.
Nurdin, Nazar. 2017. “Rincian Suap Rp 12,8 Miliar yang Diterima Bupati Klaten.” Kompas. 2017. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2017/08/28/17164981/rincian-suap-rp-128-miliar-yang-diterima-bupati-klaten.
Parahita, Gilang Desti. 2018. “Voters (Dis)-Believing Digital Political Disinformation in Gubernatorial Election of DKI Jakarta 2016-2017.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 22 (2): 127–43.
Rosyad, Rifki. 2006. A Quest for True Islam-A Study of the Islamic Resurgence Movement among the Youth in Bandung, Indonesia. Canberra: ANU E Press.
Servaes, Jan, and Patchanee Malikhao. 2016. “Communication Is Essential for Global Impact.” Procedia Engineering 159 (June): 316–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.187.
Sidel, John T. 1996. “Siam and Its Twin? Democratization and Bossism in Contemporary Thailand and the Pihilippines.” IDS Bulletin 27 (2): 57.
Siraishi, Takashi. 1990. An Age in Motion: Popular Radicalism in Java 1912-1926. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
Slama, Martin. 2018. “Practising Islam through Social Media in Indonesia.” Indonesia and the Malay World 46 (134): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2018.1416798.
Syuhada, Kharisma dhimas. 2017. “Etika Media di Era ‘Post-Truth.’” Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia VI (1): 75–79.
Theocharis, Yannis. 2015. “The Conceptualization of Digitally Networked Participation.” Social Media and Society July-Decem: 1–14.
Thoriquttyas, Titis. 2018. “Pemuda, Elit Agama Islam dan Politik: Preferensi Gus dan Lora dalam Kontestasi Politik.” Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis 2 (2): 88–97.
Ubaidillah, Mokhamad Zainal Anwar; Nur Kafid; Khasan. 2021. “Literasi Islam Santun dan Toleran: Pendampingan terhadap Kelompok Muslim Milenial untuk Mencegah Arus Radikalisme-Ekstrim di Soloraya.” Engagement : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 5 (1): 233–49. https://doi.org/10.29062/engagement.v5i1.319.
Whiteley, Paul F. 1995. “Rational Choice and Political Participation. Evaluating the Debate.” Political Reserach Quarterly 48 (1): 211–33.
Wilson, Ian Douglas. 2015. Politik Jatah Preman: Ormas dan Kuasa Jalanan di Indonesia Pasca Orde Baru. Terjemah o. Tangerang Selatan: CV Marjin Kiri.
Yannis Theocharis, Joost de Moor, Jan W. van Deth. 2019. “Digitally Networked Participation and Lifestyle Politics as New Modes of Political Participation.” Policy and Internet 00 (00): 1–24.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2021 DINIKA : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
