Coping Strategy In Adolescent Victims Of The Kanjuruhan Tragedy

Authors

  • A. Afifuddin Ahsan Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Agit Purwo Hartanto Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Hafidzoh Hafidzoh Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpc.v5i1.6947

Keywords:

adolescents, coping strategy, Kanjuruhan tragedy, stress

Abstract

The Kanjuruhan tragedy in 2022 led to hundreds of victims, including adolescents. This tragedy left serious impacts, both physical and psychological. Psychologically, the victim experienced post-traumatic stress. This article describes stress factors, forms of stress, and coping strategies of the Kanjuruhan tragedy survivors. The case study implemented a qualitative approach. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with three male adolescents who survived the tragedy. These informants reported symptoms of stress after the incident. In dealing with this stress, the informants used various methods which included problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. Apart from that, the informants also grew closer to God, indicating spiritual-focused coping. This study can be used as a reference for people who experience traumatic events to apply the appropriate coping strategies.

References

Abdalla, S. M., Cohen, G. H., Tamrakar, S., Koya, S. F., & Galea, S. (2021). Media Exposure And The Risk Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Following A Mass Traumatic Event: An In-Silico Experiment. Frontiers In Psychiatry, 12(674263), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674263

Abduh, I. (2020). Tindakan Kekerasan Suporter Sepak Bola Dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Olahraga (Studi Fenomenologi pada Supporter The Macs Man PSM Makassar). Jurnal Penjaskesrek, 7(2), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.46244/penjaskesrek.v7i2.1113

Adkins, A. M., Wellman, L. L., & Sanford, L. D. (2022). Controllable And Uncontrollable Stress Differentially Impact Fear Conditioned Alterations In Sleep And Neuroimmune Signaling In Mice. Life, 12(9), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091320

Afshar, H., Roohafza, H. R., Keshteli, A. H., Mazaheri, M., Feizi, A., & Adibi, P. (2015). The Association Of Personality Traits And Coping Styles According To Stress Level. Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences, 20(4), 353–358.

Agusman, R., & Setiawan, C. (2019). The Phenomenological Study Of Fanaticism Of Football PSS Sleman Supporters. Advances In Social Science, Education And Humanities Research, 278, 523–528. https://doi.org/10.2991/yishpess-cois-18.2018.132

Ahmed, S. A., & Çerkez, Y. (2020). The Impact Of Anxiety, Depression, And Stress On Emotional Stability Among The University Students From The View Of Educational Aspects. Propósitos y Representaciones, 8(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2020.v8n3.520

Akgül, M. H., & Karafil, A. Y. (2022). The Interaction Of Social Identity And Perception Of Social Support In Football. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 28(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.28.1.72-82

Aldwin, C. M., & Revenson, T. A. (1987). Does Coping Help? A reexamination Of The Relation Between Coping And Mental Health. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 53(2), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.2.337

Alim, A., Adam, I., Kurniawati, M., Widyani, N. R., Nugroho, S. D., Cahyono, J. E., & Amalia, S. R. (2020). Football Fans Space Training As A Media For Character Development In Preventing Negative Fanaticism Of The Kalasan 1 Junior High School Football Supporters. International Journal Humanitarian Responsibilities, Education & Sport Sciences (IJHRESS), 1(1), 31–36.

Allison, P., Mnatsakanova, A., McCanlies, E., Fekedulegn, D., Hartley, T. A., Andrew, M. E., & Violanti, J. M. (2019). Police Stress And Depressive Symptoms: Role Of Coping And Hardiness. Policing, 43(2), 247–261. https://doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-04-2019-0055

Altungul, O., & Karahüseyinoğlu, M. F. (2017). Determining The Level Of Fanaticism And Football Fanship To University Athletes. Journal Of Education And Training Studies, 5(11), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i11.2742

Anbumalar, C., Dorathy Agines, P., Jaswanti, V. P., Priya, D., & Reniangelin, D. (2017). Gender Differences In Perceived Stress levels And Coping Strategies Among College Students. The International Journal Of Indian Psychology, 4(4), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.25215/0404.103

Andriyani, J. (2019). Strategi Coping Stres Dalam Mengatasi Problema Psikologis. At-Taujih : Bimbingan Dan Konseling Islam, 2(2), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.22373/taujih.v2i2.6527

Anggraini, D. A., Putri, S. A. P., & Permitasari, I. R. A. (2023). Influence Of Fanaticism And Cohesiveness On The Tendency Of Aggression Behavior Of Panser Biru PSIS Semarang Football Supporters. Analitika: Jurnal Magister Psikologi UMA, 15(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.31289/analitika.v15i1.9453

Baldacchino, D., & Draper, P. (2001). Spiritual Coping Strategies: A Review Of The Nursing Research Literature. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 34(6), 833–841. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01814.x

Baqutayan, S. M. S. (2015). Stress And Coping Mechanisms: A Historical Overview. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 479–488. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s1p479

Baruah, P., & Pandey, N. (2016). Spirituality As A Coping Strategy Among Practitioners And Non Practitioners. The International Journal Of Indian Psychology, 3(2), 110–114.

Bennett, P. S., Hernandez, B. D., Wiercinski, K. N., & Abraham, S. P. (2019). Stress And Coping In Adolescents: A Review Of The Literature. International Journal Of Science And Research Methodology, 12(3), 41–50.

Besta, T., & Kossakowski, R. (2018). Football Supporters: Group Identity, Perception Of In-Group And Out- Group Members And Pro-Group Action Tendencies. Revista De Psicología Del Deporte/Journal Of Sport Psychology, 27(2), 15–22.

Bienertova-Vasku, J., Lenart, P., & Scheringer, M. (2020). Eustress And Distress Neither Good Nor Bad But Rather The Same. BioEssays: Problems & Paradigms, Prospects & Overview, 1900238, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201900238

Biggs, A., Brough, P., & Drummond, S. (2017). Lazarus And Folkman’s Psychological Stress And Coping Theory. In C. L. Cooper & J. C. Quick (Eds.), The Handbook Of Stress And Health: A Guide To Research And Practice (pp. 351–364). Hoboken, New Jersey, United States: Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118993811.ch21

Carr, D., & Umberson, D. (2013). The Social Psychology Of Stress, Health, And Coping. In J. DeLamater & A. Ward (Eds.), Handbook Of Social Psychology (2nd Ed, pp. 465–487). Berlin, Germany: Springer Science + Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_16

Chen, H. (2016). A Theoretic Review Of Emotion Regulation. Open Journal Of Social Sciences, 04(02), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.42020

Chen, Y., Peng, Y., Xu, H., & O’Brien, W. H. (2018). Age Differences In Stress And Coping: Problem-Focused Strategies Mediate The Relationship Between Age And Positive Affect. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 86(4), 347–363. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415017720890

Cohen, M., Ben-Zur, H., & Rosenfeld, M. J. (2008). Sense Of Coherence, Coping Strategies, And Test Anxiety As Predictors Of Test Performance Among College Students. International Journal Of Stress Management, 15(3), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.15.3.289

Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations Between Personality and Coping: A Meta-Analysis. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 93(6), 1080–1107. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative And Mixed Methods Approaches (5th Ed). Thousand Oaks, California, United States: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Depken II, C. A. (2001). Fan Loyalty In Professional Sports: An Extension To The National Football League. Journal Of Sports Economics, 2(3), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/152700250100200306

Doewes, R. I., & Riyadi, S. (2016). The Social Identity Of Football Supporters In Providing Sportive Support To Arema Player (A Phenomenology Study To Supporter Of Aremania In Malang). The 1st International Conference On Teacher Training And Education (ICTTE) FKIP UNS 2015, 1(1), 718–725.

Doré, B. P., Boccagno, C., Burr, D., Hubbard, A., Long, K., Weber, J., … Ochsner, K. N. (2017). Finding Positive Meaning In Negative Experiences Engages Ventral Striatal And Ventromedial Prefrontal Regions Associated With Reward Valuation. Journal Of Cognitive Neuroscience, 29(2), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01041

Dwyer, B. (2011). Divided Loyalty? An Analysis Of Fantasy Football Involvement And Fan Loyalty To Individual National Football League (NFL) Teams. Journal Of Sport Management, 25, 445–457. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.5.445

Ekşi, H. (2010). Personality And Coping Among Turkish College Students: A Canonical Correlation Analysis. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 10(4), 2159–2177.

Fatoni, M., Subekti, N., & Widodo, Z. D. (2022). The Role Of Football Supporters Attachment To The Club. JUARA: Jurnal Olahraga, 7(2), 476–489. https://doi.org/10.33222/juara.v7i2.1679

Firdaus, I. Y., & Trilia. (2020). Study Of Phenomenology: The Aggressive Behavior Of Soccer Club Supporter. Indonesian Journal Of Global Health Research, 2(1), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v2i1.69

Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Stress, Positive Emotion, And Coping. Current Directions In Psychological Science, 9(4), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00073

Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive Reappraisal Mediates The Stress-Reductive Effects Of Mindfulness: An Upward Spiral Process. Mindfulness, 2(1), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0043-8

Gong, W., & Geertshuis, S. A. (2023). Distress And Eustress: An Analysis Of The Stress Experiences Of Offshore International Students. Frontiers In Psychology, 14, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1144767

Gumusgul, O., & Acet, M. (2016). The Open Sore Of Football: Aggressive Violent Behavior And Hooliganism. Physical Culture And Soprt: Studies And Research, 71(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2016-0015

Haq, M. Z., & Yudhistira, A. (2022). The Roots Of Violence In The Rivalry Between Football Club Fans And Supporters Using The ABC Triangle Theory Of Johan Galtung. Temali: Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial, 5(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.15575/jt.v5i2.21200

Irianto, D., & Kartikasari, D. (2020). Fan Loyalty Toward International Football Team: The Role Of Brand Image. International Journal Of Applied Business Research, 2(1), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.35313/ijabr.v0i0.95

Kaligis, R. A. W., Pratiwi, A., & Anshari, F. (2020). Relationship Between Social Identity Of Football Supporters And Conflicts (Study Of The Jakmania Depok City). Komunitas: International Journal Of Indonesian Society And Culture, 12(2), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v12i2.18695

Kerdijk, C., van der Kamp, J., & Polman, R. (2016). The Influence Of The Social Environment Context In Stress And Coping In Sport. Frontiers In Psychology, 7(875), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00875

Khan, Z., Lanin, A. B., & Ahmad, N. (2015). The Level Of Stress In Male And Female School Students. Journal Of Education And Practice, 6(13), 166–169.

Khomsiyah, A., & Sanaji, S. (2021). Pengaruh Loyalitas Dan Fanatisme Supporter Pada Klub Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Merchandise Orisinal: Studi Pada Supporter Persela Lamongan. Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, Dan Entrepreneurship, 10(2), 242–257. https://doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v10i2.756

Khuddus, L. A., Wijaya, A., & Priyanto, Y. D. A. (2022). Fanaticism Of Football Fans To An Achievement Of Football Club Case Of Study: Persebaya Football Club. International Journal Of Social Science And Human Research, 5(4), 1476–1484. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i4-38

Krok, D. (2008). The Role Of Spirituality In Coping: Examining The Relationships Between Spiritual Dimensions And Coping Styles. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 11(7), 643 — 653. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670801930429

Kural, S., & Özbek, O. (2023). Sports Consumption Behaviors Of Football Fans: The Relationship Between Social Identity, Team Loyalty And Behavioral Intention Toward Consumption. Sport, Business And Management, 13(6), 685–703. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-08-2022-0069

Lau, C. Y. H., & Tov, W. (2023). Effects Of Positive Reappraisal And Self-Distancing On The Meaningfulness Of Everyday Negative Events. Frontiers In Psychology, 14, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1093412

Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological Stress And The Coping Process. New York, New York, United States: McGraw-Hill.

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, And Coping. New York, New York, United States: Springer Publishing Company.

Le Fevre, M., Matheny, J., & Kolt, G. S. (2003). Eustress, Distress, And Interpretation In Occupational Stress. Journal Of Managerial Psychology, 18(7), 726–744. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940310502412

Loton, D., Borkoles, E., Lubman, D., & Polman, R. (2015). Video Game Addiction, Engagement And Symptoms Of Stress, Depression And Anxiety: The Mediating Role Of Coping. International Journal Of Mental Health And Addiction, 14(4), 565–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9578-6

Mandasari, L., & Tobing, D. L. (2020). Tingkat Depresi Dengan Ide Bunuh Diri Pada Remaja. Indonesian Jurnal Of Health Development, 2(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.52021/ijhd.v2i1.33

Marwan, I. (2018). Aggressive Behavior Supporter In Liga Indonesia. International Journal Of Sports And Physical Education, 4(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6380.0401004

Merten, S., Reuland, N., Winand, M., & Marlier, M. (2023). Fan Identification In Football: Professional Football Players And Clubs Competing For Fan Loyalty. Sport, Business And Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0063

Metreveli, L., & Japaridze, K. (2022). Stress As An Integral Part Of Our Life. European Scientific Journal ESJ, 9, 812–821. https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.9.2022.p812

Nater, U. M. (2017). Escape-Avoidance Coping. In M. D. Gellman & J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia Of Behavioral Medicine (pp. 1–2). New York, New York, United States: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_15-2

Panis, M. P., Damayanti, Y., & Keraf, M. K. P. A. (2019). Coping Strategies, Personality Type, And Help-Seeking Behavior For Mental Health Problems. Journal Of Health And Behavioral Science, 1(2), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.35508/jhbs.v1i2.2087

Park, J. W., Kim, D. J., & Shin, M. H. (2021). The Effect Of Stress On Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: Active Coping Strategy And Self-Control As Mediators. Psychiatry Investigation, 18(10), 997–1005. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0010

Polizzi, C., Lynn, S. J., & Perry, A. (2020). Stress And Coping In The Time Of Covid-19: Pathways To Resilience And Recovery. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 59–62. https://doi.org/10.36131/CN20200204

Putra, P. R., & Ariana, D. A. (2016). Gambaran Strategi Coping Stress Pada Remaja Korban Cyberbullying. Jurnal Psikologi Klinis Dan Kesehatan Mental, 5(1), 40–49.

Riepenhausen, A., Wackerhagen, C., Reppmann, Z. C., Deter, H.-C., Kalisch, R., Veer, I. M., & Walter, H. (2022). Positive Cognitive Reappraisal In Stress Resilience, Mental Health, And Well-Being: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Emotion Review, 14(4), 310–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/17540739221114642

Rohman, F. (2019). Enhancing Loyalty: Improving The Experience Quality Of Indonesian Football Club Fans. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 17(3), 464–470. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2019.017.03.10

Salomon, K. (2013). Stress. In M. D. Gellman & J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia Of Behavioral Medicine (p. 1886). New York, New York, United States: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_285

Salzmann-Erikson, M., & Hiçdurmaz, D. (2017). Use Of Social Media Among Individuals Who Suffer From Post-Traumatic Stress: A Qualitative Analysis Of Narratives. Qualitative Health Research, 27(2), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315627364

Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B., & Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing Social Support: The Social Support Questionnaire. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 44(1), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.44.1.127

Sarason, I. G., & Sarason, B. R. (1985). Social Support: Insight From Asessment And Experimentation. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social Support: Theory, Research And Applications. Berlin, Germany: Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0

Sarason, I. G., & Sarason, B. R. (2009). Social Support: Mapping The Construct. Journal Of Social And Personal Relationships, 26(1), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407509105526

Setiadi, R., & Franky, F. (2020). Analysis Of The Influence Of KTA On The Level Of Anarchies Related To The Age And Fanatism Level Of Football Supporters In Indonesia. Journal Of International Conference Proceedings, 2(3), 379–383. https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v2i3.718

Setyowati, R. N. (2013). Violent Behavior In Football (Social Phenomenon In The Football-Surabaya Bonek Supporters). Research On Humanities And Social Sciences, 3(6), 148–158.

Sivasubramanian, P. (2016). Eustress Vs Distress: A Review. International Journal Of Research In Humanities & Social Sciences, 4(5), 12–15.

Stern, G. S., McCants, T. R., & Pettine, P. W. (1982). Stress And Illness: Controllable And Uncontrollable Life Events’ Relative Contributions. Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, 8(1), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616728281022

Tamami, A. B., Nasution, N., & Wisnu, W. (2021). The Rivalry Of Football Supporters In Indonesia At Fanaticism Frame Of Bonek And Aremania. Journal Research Of Social Science, Economics, And Management, 1(3), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v1i3.24

Tapp, A. (2004). The Loyalty Of Football Fans: We’ll Support You Evermore? Database Marketing And Customer Strategy Management, 11(3), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.dbm.3240221

Thompson, C. M., & Vangelisti, A. L. (2016). What Happens When The Standard For Openness Goes Unmet In Romantic Relationships? Analyses Of Stress, Coping, And Relational Consequences. Journal Of Social And Personal Relationships, 33(3), 320–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407515574468

Turegun, E., & Efek, E. (2021). Analysis Of The Level Of Aggression And Violence Of Students And Other Professional Groups Who Are Fans Of Düzce Sports Football. African Educational Research Journal, 9(3), 704–711. https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.93.21.109

Utaminingtias, W., Ishartono, & Hidayat, E. N. (2015). Coping Stres Karyawan Dalam Menghadapi Stres Kerja. Share : Social Work Journal, 5(1), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v5i1.13123

Utomo, G. Y., & Kristianingsih, S. A. (2023). Hubungan Antara Fanatisme Dengan Perilaku Agresif Verbal Kelompok Suporter Sepak Bola Di Media Sosial Menanggapi Kebijakan PSSI Pada Masa Pandemi. Jurnal Psikologi Malahayati, 5(2), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.33024/jpm.v5i2.8319

Werdiyanti, T. P., Noor, A. M., & Paharizal, R. (2021). Solidaritas Anarkisme Suporter Bola PSIM Dan PSS. Populika, 7(2), 158–175. https://doi.org/10.37631/populika.v7i2.377

Windarwati, H. D., Budiman, A. A., Nova, R., Ati, N. A. L., & Kusumawati, M. W. (2020). The Relationship Between Family Harmony With Stress, Anxiety, And Depression In Adolescents. Jurnal Ners, 15(2), 185–193. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v15i2.21495

Wobeto, M. I., Brites, R., Hipólito, J., Nunes, O., & Brandão, T. (2023). Emotion Regulation And Mental Health Among Professionals Of Long-Term Care Institutions For Older Adults: The Mediating Role Of Work Engagement. Health Psychology Report, 11(2), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr/156259

Yaribeygi, H., Panahi, Y., Sahraei, H., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2017). The Impact Of Stress On Body Function: A Review. EXCLI Journal, 16, 1057–1072. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2017-480

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research: Design And Methods (6th Ed). Thousand Oaks, California, United States: Sage Publications.

Yoslanda, S., Kiram, P. Y., Padli, & Zarya, F. (2022). Anarchism Of Football Supporters In The Perspective Of Sports Sociology. Majalah Ilmiah Olahraga (MAJORA), 28(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.21831/majora.v28i1.56717

Yun, J. H., Rosenberger III, P. J., & Sweeney, K. (2021). Drivers Of Soccer Fan Loyalty: Australian Evidence On The Influence Of Team Brand Image, Fan Engagement, Satisfaction And Enduring Involvement. Asia Pacific Journal Of Marketing And Logistics, 33(3), 755–782. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-07-2019-0444

Zafar, M. S., Nauman, M., Nauman, H., Nauman, S., Kabir, A., Shahid, Z., … Batool, M. (2021). Impact Of Stress On Human Body: A Review. European Journal Of Medical And Health Sciences, 3(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.3.821

Downloads

Published

2024-01-18

How to Cite

Ahsan, A. A., Hartanto, A. P., & Hafidzoh, H. (2024). Coping Strategy In Adolescent Victims Of The Kanjuruhan Tragedy. Academic Journal of Psychology and Counseling, 5(1), 103–125. https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpc.v5i1.6947

Citation Check