Flipping Roles, Shifting Souls: Gender Role Stress, Self-Esteem, And Self-Efficacy Of Parents With Interchanged Roles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpc.v5i2.9802Keywords:
gender role stress, house husbands, role reversal, self-efficacy, self-esteemAbstract
This study investigated the impact of gender role stress on self-esteem and self-efficacy among parents (N=590) with interchanged roles in Cavite, Philippines. The significance of this research lies in its exploration of evolving gender roles within the context of a traditionally gendered society. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the study examined relationships between gender role stress, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. The results revealed that gender role stress generally had a negative impact on self-esteem, particularly for working housewives (β=-0.408, p<0.001), while among househusbands it had a positive impact (β=0.552, p<0.001). Self-efficacy was found to be a significant mediator of the relationship between gender role stress and self-esteem among househusband (β=0.115, p<0.05), but not in working housewives (β=-0.03, p>0.05). The study emphasized the need for societal support mechanisms to mitigate the adverse effects of gender role stress and promote mental well-being in these contexts. This research contributes to the understanding of gender dynamics and their psychological implications in non-traditional family structures.
Downloads
References
Acosta, F. M. A., Baraquina, J. A. C., & Garcia, J. J. A. (2017). Gender Role Stress, Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Parenting Style Of Househusbands In Selected Urban Areas In Cavite (A. G. B. Desingano (Ed.)) [Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis]. Philippines: Cavite State University. opac-retrieve-file.pl (cvsu.edu.ph)
Arikewuyo, A. O., Eluwole, K. K., Dambo, T. H., & Abdulbaqi, S. S. (2022). Do Low Self-Esteem, Relationship Dissatisfaction, And Relationship Insecurity Exacerbate The Intention To Break Up In Romantic Relationships? Current Psychology, 41(11), 7695–7706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01221-1
Balayar, R., & Mazur, R. (2022). Beyond Household Income: The Role Of Commercial Vegetable Farming In Moderating Socio-Cultural Barriers For Women In Rural Nepal. Agriculture & Food Security, 11(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-022-00368-3
Ballaret, J. R. (2024). Navigating Parenthood: A Study Of Family Formation And Parenting Experiences Among Same-Sex Couples In The Philippines. The Family Journal, 32(4), 596-604. https://doi.org/10.1177/10664807231225406
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward A Unifying Theory Of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Barbalat, G., Plasse, J., Gauthier, E., Verdoux, H., Quiles, C., Dubreucq, J., Legros-Lafarge, E., Jaafari, N., Massoubre, C., Guillard-Bouhet, N., Haesebaert, F., & Franck, N. (2022). The Central Role Of Self-Esteem In The Quality Of Life Of Patients With Mental Disorders. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 7852. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11655-1
Belsky, J. (1984). The Determinants of Parenting: A Process Model. Child Development, 55(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129836
Cabrera-Aguilar, E., Zevallos-Francia, M., Morales-García, M., Ramírez-Coronel, A. A., Morales-García, S. B., Sairitupa-Sanchez, L. Z., & Morales-García, W. C. (2023). Resilience And Stress As Predictors Of Work Engagement: The Mediating Role Of Self-Efficacy In Nurses. Frontiers In Psychiatry/Frontiers Research Foundation, 14, 1202048. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1202048
Carrasco-Santos, M. J., Seyfi, S., Hosseini, S., Michael Hall, C., Mohajer, B., Almeida-García, Fernando, Macías, & Cortes, R. (2024). Breaking Boundaries: Exploring Gendered Challenges And Advancing Equality For Iranian Women Careers In Tourism. Tourism Management, 103, 104913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2024.104913
Cavite Provincial Planning and Development Office. (2017). Socio-Economic And Physical Profile 2015. https://cavite.gov.ph/home/sepp-2015/
Chen, X., & Cheng, L. (2023). Emotional Intelligence And Creative Self-Efficacy Among Gifted Children: Mediating Effect Of Self-Esteem And Moderating Effect Of Gender. Journal Of Intelligence, 11(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11010017
Fang, Y., Boelens, M., Windhorst, D. A., Raat, H., & van Grieken, A. (2021). Factors Associated With Parenting Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 77(6), 2641–2661. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14767
Flood, M., Dragiewicz, M., & Pease, B. (2021). Resistance And Backlash To Gender Equality. The Australian Journal Of Social Issues, 56(3), 393–408. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.137
Galinato, D. A. D., Nopal, L. Q., & Rodriguez, M. P. O. (2017). Gender Role Stress, Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy And Parenting Styles Of Househusbands In Rural Areas Of Cavite (A. G. Desingano (Ed.)) [Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis]. Cavite State University. Cavite State University catalog (cvsu.edu.ph)
Gonalons-Pons, P., & Gangl, M. (2021). Marriage And Masculinity: Male-Breadwinner Culture, Unemployment, And Separation Risk In 29 Countries. American Sociological Review, 86(3), 465-502. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211012442
Gutierrez, J. (2024). The Experiences Of Left-Behind Fathers: Breaking The Traditional Filipino Paternal Roles In Parenting. The Journal Of Society And Media, 8(1), 64–81. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v8n1.p64-81
Hair, J. F., Jr, Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2022.). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R. Midtown Manhattan, New York City: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hayes, T. (2021). R-Squared Change In Structural Equation Models With Latent Variables And Missing Data. Behavior Research Methods, 53(5), 2127–2157. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-020-01532-y
Hochschild, A., & Machung, A. (2012). The Second Shift: Working Families And The Revolution At Home. London, United Kingdom: Penguin. https://doi.org/10.2307/352858
Hughes, K. D., & Silver, W. A. (2019). Beyond Time-Binds: Rethinking Work–Family Dynamics For A Mobile World. Human Relations, 73(7), 924-952. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726719846264
Kargin, M., Aytop, S., Hazar, S., & Yüksekol, Ö. D. (2021). The Relationship Between Gender Role Stress And Self Esteem In Students Of Faculty Of Health Sciences. Perspectives In Psychiatric Care. 2021(57), 363–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12605
Kazmierczak, M. (2010). The Feminine And Masculine Gender Role Stress – Conclusions From Polish Studies. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 41(1), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.2478/s10059-010-0003-5
Lewington, L., Lee, J., & Sebar, B. (2021). “I’m Not Just A Babysitter”: Masculinity And Men’s Experiences Of First-Time Fatherhood. Men And Masculinities, 24(4), 571-589. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X21993884
Llamas-Clark, E. F. (2023). Food And Nutrition Security And Children’s Health Challenges In Extreme Weather Disasters In The Philippines: Understanding The Implications Of Gender Roles. In G. Bonifacio & R. B. Epe (eds.). Disasters In The Philippines: Before and After Haiyan (pp. 66–87). Bristol, United Kingdom: Bristol University Press https://doi.org/10.51952/9781529222920.ch004
Mertler, C. A., Vannatta, R. A., & LaVenia, K. N. (2021). Advanced And Multivariate Statistical Methods (7th Ed). Milton Park, Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England, UK: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003047223
Piekarska, J. (2020). Determinants Of Perceived Stress In Adolescence: The Role Of Personality Traits, Emotional Abilities, Trait Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficacy, And Self-Esteem. Advances In Cognitive Psychology / University Of Finance And Management In Warsaw, 16(4), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0305-z
Rossi, J., & Nelson, R. M. (2017). Minimal Risk In Pediatric Research: A Philosophical Review And Reconsideration. Accountability In Research, 24(7), 407–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2017.1363650
Rodríguez, M., Manuel, F., Clares, R., García, R., & Muñoz, M. R. (2020). Influence Of Resilience, Everyday Stress, Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Emotional Intelligence, And Empathy On Attitudes Toward Sexual And Gender Diversity Rights. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(17), 6219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176219
Rosenbaum, S., Christopher, W., Mcdade, T. W., Avila, J., Bechayda, S. A., & Gettler, L. T. (2021). Fathers’ Care In Context: “Facultative,” Flexible Fathers Respond To Work Demands And Child Age, But Not To Alloparental Help, In Cebu, Philippines. Evolution And Human Behavior: Official Journal Of The Human Behavior And Evolution Society, 42(6), 534–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2021.05.003
Ruddell, R. J. (2020). Validity And Reliability Evidence For The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale With Adults In Canada And The United States. [Thesis Postgraduate - Unpublished]. University Of British Columbia. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0394068
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mary Jane Amparo, John Christian Paolo Belen, Jezreel Del Espiritu Santo, Armi Grace Desingaño, Paulito Hilario, Mary Joyce Talamante

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.