Split groups in Sumenep: Inter-Islamic violence in 1998
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22515/shahih.v7i1.5199Keywords:
violence, Islam, SumenepAbstract
At the end of the New Order (Orde Baru) era, Indonesia was marked by inter-ethnic, inter-religious or religious violence. In Sumenep, Madura there was violence between groups that both claimed to be Sunni Muslims. Kiai Supardi, an immigrant who quickly rose to fame, initiated a group called Wali Songo Akbar in the early 1990s. In 1998, the Wali Songo Akbar Islamic Boarding School was vandalized and burned by a mob, then Kiai Supardi's followers demanded responsibility by kidnapping a local kiai which led to clashes. This paper aims to provide a description of the journey of the Wali Songo Akbar group that led to the violence that occurred in 1998. This article was written using the historical method by utilizing sources from newspapers, books, journal articles, and interviews. The Wali Songo Akbar group, better known as the tarekat, got the issue of heterodoxy that occurred, the issue marked repression and was ended by clashes that left 4 people dead, and several other Wali Songo Akbar followers lost their homes.
Downloads
References
Alawy, A. (2019). Sejarah Pencak Silat Nahdlatul Ulama Pagar Nusa. NU Online. https://nu.or.id/fragmen/sejarah-pencak-silat-nahdlatul-ulama-pagar-nusa-B5gRD
Barron, P., & Sharpe, J. (2008). Local conflict in post-suharto Indonesia: Understanding variations in violence levels and forms through local newspaper. Journal of East Asian Studies, 8(3), 395–423. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800006482
BPS. (1998). Kabupaten Sumenep dalam Angka 1998. In Kabupaten Sumenep dalam Angka 2019. https://www.bps.go.id/
Bruinessen, M. van. (1992). Gerakan Sempalan di Kalangan Ummat Islam Indonesia : Latar Belakang Sosial-Budaya. Ulumul Qur’an, III(1), 16–27.
Bruinessen, M. van. (1995a). Muslim Fundamentalism: Something to be understood or to be explained away? Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 6(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596419508721050
Bruinessen, M. van. (1995b). Tarekat and tarekat teachers in Madurese society. Across Madura Strait: The Dynamics of an Insular Society, 91–117. https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/20528
Bruinessen, M. van. (2013). Rakyat Kecil Islam Dan Politik. In Penerbit Gading (Vol. 1, Issue).
Bruinessen, M. van. (2015). Kitab Kuning, Pesantren dan Tarekat. Gading Publishing.
Colombijn, F., & Lindblad, J. T. (2002). Roots of violence in Indonesia : contemporary violence in historical perspective. In F. Colombijn & J. T. Lindblad (Eds.), Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde ; 194.
Davidson, J. S., & Kammen, D. (2002). Indonesia’s Unknown War and the Lineages of Violence in West Kalimantan. Indonesia, 73(73), 53. https://doi.org/10.2307/3351469
de Grave, J. M. (2014). Javanese kanuragan ritual initiation: A means to socialize by acquiring invulnerability, authority, and spiritual improvement. Social Analysis, 58(1), 47–66. https://doi.org/10.3167/sa.2014.580103
de Jonge, H. (1989). AGAMA, KEBUDAYAAN, DAN EKONOMI: Studi-studi Interdisipliner Tentang Masyarakat Madura. CV. Rajawali.
de Jonge, H. (2012). Garam, Kekerasan, dan Aduan Sapi (A. Arifin (ed.); 1st ed.). LKiS Group.
Fatoni, A. (2020). Memaknai Kekerasan Orang Madura Di Perantauan: Studi Sosial Keberagamaan Masyarakat Madura Di Semampir Jawa Timur. Harmoni, 19(1), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v19i1.402
Formichi, C. (2014). Violence, Sectarianism, and the Politics of Religion: Articulations of Anti-Shi‘a Discourses in Indonesia. Indonesia, 98(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1353/ind.2014.0016
Gouda, F. (2007). Dutch Culture Overseas: Praktik Kolonial di Hindia Belanda, 1900-1945. Serambi.
Hefner, R. W. (2007). Religion and Conflict in South and Southeast Asia. Religion and Conflict in South and Southeast Asia: Disrupting Violence, 33–69.
Jawa Pos. (1998, August 15). Bentrok di Depan Koramil, 3 Tewas. Jawa Pos, 5.
Kompas. (1998, August 15). Bentrokan di Sumenep. Kompas.
Kuntowijoyo. (2003). Metodologi Sejarah. Tiara Wacana.
Kurniawan, E. (2022). Pramoedya Ananta Toer dan Sastra Realisme Sosialis. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Lombard, D. (2005). Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya 2: Jaringan Asia (3rd ed.). PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Lombard, D. (2018). Nusa Jawa Silang Budaya 1: Batas-Batas Pembaratan (5th ed.). PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
McRae, D. (2013). A Few Poorly Organized Men. In A Few Poorly Organized Men. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004251724
Pribadi, Y. (2013). Islam and Politics in Madura: Ulama and Other Local Leaders in Search of Influence (1990-2010). Leiden University.
Pribadi, Y. (2018). Islam, State and Society in Indonesia: Local Politics in Madura. Routledge.
Rasuki. (2015). KONFLIK KEAGAMAAN DI SUMENEP MADURA: Studi Perebutan Otoritas antara Kyai Tradisional dan Walisongo Akbar. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel.
Ricklefs, M. C. (2001). A History of Modern Indonesia since c . 1200: Third Edition. 515.
Sumenep, K. S. K. (1991). Sumenep dalam Angka 1990.
Sumenep, K. S. K. (1993). Sumenep dalam Angka 1992.
Sumenep, K. S. K. (1994). Sumenep dalam Angka 1993.
Turmudi, E. (2006). Kiai and the Pesantren. Struggling for the Umma, May 2020, 21–42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jbk2d.9
van Dijk, K., & Kaptein J.G., N. (2016). Islam, Politics and Change. Islam, Politics and Change. https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_605451
Varshney, A. (2008). Analyzing collective violence in Indonesia: An overview. Journal of East Asian Studies, 8(3), 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800006469
Wakid, A. (2003). TINJAUAN YURIDIS-SOSIOLOGIS TERHADAP KEKERASAN MASSA (ANALISIS SOSIO-YURIDIS TERHADAP KASUS SUPARDI). Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Welsh, B. (2008). Local and national: Keroyokan mobbing in Indonesia. Journal of East Asian Studies, 8(3), 473–504. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800006512
Wiyata, L. (2013). Carok: Konflik Kekerasan dan Harga Diri Orang Madura (3rd ed.). LKiS Yogyakarta.
Zamhari, A. (2010). Rituals of Islamic Spirituality : A Study of Majlis Dhikr Groups in East Java. In Rituals of Islamic Spirituality : A Study of Majlis Dhikr Groups in East Java. https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_459498
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
This ejournal system and its contents are licensed under
a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
