Public Perception of Religious Moderation on Twitter: The Case of Kicking Offerings on Mount Semeru, Lumajang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22515/shahih.v9i2.9852Keywords:
Lumajang, Public Perception, Religious Moderation, Social Media, Virtual EthnographyAbstract
This study aims to analyze the construction of public opinion and perception regarding religious moderation in the context of Mount Semeru incident, Lumajang, Indonesia, (2022). This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing perception theory and virtual ethnographic analysis to examine Twitter users' responses to a viral video depicting individuals disrupting traditional offerings at Mount Semeru, also investigates how Twitter as a social media platform influences public perception of religious moderation. The findings reveal three distinct response categories: opposition, support, and moderation, which contributed to digital conflicts. To minimize digital conflicts, especially intolerant responses on social media, there is a need to strengthen religious moderation on social media through education content grounded in Islamic scriptures (Quran and Hadith), Indonesian state ideology (Pancasila), and collaboration with religious authorities via digital media formats. The research demonstrates the significant role of social media in shaping public perceptions of religious tolerance in contemporary Indonesia.
Downloads
References
Ahmed, Wasim (2021). Using Twitter as a data source an overview of social media research tools. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2021/05/18/using-twitter-as-a-data-source-an-overview-of-social-media-research-tools-2021/
Arif, M., Adeoye, M. A., Kasturi, M., Abd, N., Al, I., & Menganti, A. (2024). Religious Moderation Campaign Strategy in the Digital Era : Systematic Literature Review ( 2014-2024 ). IX(2), 12–31.
Bisri, Hartati, Mustopa, & Saumantri, T. (2024). Navigating Modern Challenges: The Practical Role of TripleRelationship of Religious Moderation through an Islamic Perspective. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 14(2), 286–302. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.142.17
Campbell, H. . (2020). Digital creatives and the rethinking of religious authority. Routledge.
Cunningham, C. D. (2019). How Social Media has Changed the Religious Experience Title. Public Square Magazine. https://publicsquaremag.org/media-education/how-social-media-has-changed-the-religious-experience/
Daud, S. M., & Bafadhal, M. I. (2023). Penguatan Moderasi Beragama di Media Sosial dalam Melawan Radikalisme Online. IJIELC. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22437/ijielc.v1i2.30768
Eisenegger, M., & Schäfer, M. S. (2023). Editorial: Reconceptualizing public sphere(s) in the digital age? On the role and future of public sphere theory. Communication Theory, 33(2–3), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtad011
el Ishaq, R. (2021). Media in the Midst of Religion Moderation. Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication) p-ISSN, 6(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.18326/inject.v6i1.41-56
Elliot T. Panek, Yioryos Nardis, S. K. (2013). Mirror or Megaphone?: How relationships between narcissism and social networking site use differ on Facebook and Twitter. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 2004–2012. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.012.
Febriani, S. R., & Ritonga, A. W. (2022). The Perception of Millennial Generation on Religious Moderation through Social Media in the Digital Era. Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 21(2), 313–334. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol21.iss2.art1
Gani, A., Fattah, A., & Nasri, U. (2024). Social Media and Radicalization: The Latest Threat to Religious Moderation. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 9(1), 141–147. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v9i1.1869
Halimatusa’diyah. (2020). Social Media and Radicalization: The Latest Threat to Religious Moderation. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan. PPIM UIN Jakarta & Merit Indonesia.
Harisah, A., & Masiming, Z. (2008). Persepsi manusia terhadap tanda, simbol dan spasial (6(1)). SMARTek.
Hartmann, D., Pohlmann, L., Wang, S. M., & Berendt, B. (2024). A Systematic Review of Echo Chamber Research: Comparative Analysis of Conceptualizations, Operationalizations, and Varying Outcomes. 1–66. http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.06631
Hefni, W. (2020). Moderasi Beragama dalam Ruang Digital: Studi Pengarusutamaan Moderasi Beragama di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri. Jurnal Bimas Islam, 13(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.37302/jbi.v13i1.182
Hrynyshyn, D. (2017). The Limits of the digital revolution: how mass media culture endures in a social media world. https://lccn.loc.gov/2016049080
Junaedi, E. (2019). Inilah Moderasi Beragama Perspektif Kemenag. Harmoni, 18(2), 182–186. https://doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v18i2.414
Kaur‐Gill, S., Dutta, M. J. (2017). Digital Ethnography. In The international Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods (pp. 1–10).
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2024). To Be or Not to Be: Will Virtual Worlds and the Metaverse Gain Lasting Traction? California Management Review, 66(4), 5-22.
Kaplan, A.M. and Haenlein, M. (2010), “Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media”, Business Horizons, 53 (1), 59-68.
Kaplan, A.M. and Haenlein, M. (2012), "Social Media: Back to The Roots and Back to The Future", Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 14 (2), 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1108/13287261211232126
Kemp, S. (2024). Digital 2024: Global Digital Trends. https://www.meltwater.com/en/global-digital-trends
Kirana, D., & Garadian, E. A. (2020). Religious Trend in Contemporary Indonesia: Conservatism Domination on Social Media. Studia Islamika, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v27i3.18823
Marwantika, A. (2022). Religious Moderation Campaigns on Social Media: Trend, Content Strategies and Public Sentiment. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Islamic Studies (ICIS), 3.
Mustaghfiroh, S. (2022). Pengarusutamaan Nilai Moderasi Beragama Di Era Society 5.0. Moderatio: Jurnal Moderasi Beragama, 2(2), 1–15.
Nisa, E. F. (2018). Creative and Lucrative Dawa: The Visual Culture of Instagram amongst Female Muslim Youth in Indonesia. Asiascape: Digital Asia, 5(1–2), 68–89. https://doi.org/10.1163/22142312-12340085
Nuha, N. ulin. (2024). THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE SPREAD OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA. Prooceeding of International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity, 02(2).
Nurudin. (2018). Media Sosial: Agama Baru Masyarakat Milenial. Intrans Publishing.
Riyan Hidayat, M., & El-Feyza, M. (2022). From Pixels to Peace: Unraveling the Multifaceted Narrative of Religious Tolerance in Social Media. Wawasan : Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 71–82.
Ross, B., Pilz, L., Cabrera, B., Brachten, F., Neubaum, G., & Stieglitz, S. (2019). Are social bots a real threat? An agent-based model of the spiral of silence to analyse the impact of manipulative actors in social networks. European Journal of Information Systems, 28(4), 394–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2018.1560920
Salendra, I. W. (2021). Religious Moderation in Digital Media Discourse : A Study of the nu . or . id Portal from the Perspective of Communicative Rationality.
Setia, P., & Haq, M. Z. (2023). Countering Radicalism in Social Media by Campaigning for Religious Moderation. Focus, 4(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.26593/focus.v4i1.6571
Solahudin, D., & Fakhruroji, M. (2020). Internet and islamic learning practices in Indonesia: Social media, religious populism, and religious authority. Religions, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11010019
Tabroni, R., Ardekani, R. S., & Yunani, A. (2024). TEXT MINING TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING RELIGIOUS MODERATION DISCOURSE : INSIGHTS FROM INDONESIAN DIGITAL SPACE. 22(2), 347–382.
van Dijck, J., & Poell, T. (2013). Understanding social media logic. Media and Communication, 1(1), 2–14. https://doi.org/10.12924/mac2013.01010002
Wibowo, E. N., & Hidayati, O. N. (2023). Generation Z’s Efforts to Seek Peace: Alternative Narratives of Religious Moderation on Social Media. Al-Hikmah: Journal of Da’wah and Community Development, 21(2), 129–140.
Yuliawati, E., & Asri, I. (2024). Religious Moderation: An Analysis of Understanding, Internet and Social Media Exposure and Social Interaction Systems. Jurnal The Messenger, 14(2), 158. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v14i2.2812
Interviews
Dr. (HC) Lukman Hakim Saifuddin, Menteri Agama Periode 2014-2019, 28 Juni 2022
KH. Achmad Hanif, S.Q. Ketua Umum MUI Kabupaten Lumajang, 27 Mei 2022.
KH. Dr. Abdul Wadud Nafis, Lc., M.Ei. Pengasuh Ponpes Manarul Quran Lumajang; Ketua Yayasan Ponpes Kyai Syarifuddin Lumajang, 26 Mei 2022.
Prof. Dr. Ahmad Syahid, Guru Besar Pemikiran Islam UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2 Juli 2022.
Prof. Dr. Oman Fathurahman, Ketua Pokja Moderasi Beragama Kementerian Agama periode 2020 - Maret 2021, 3 Juni 2022
Thoriqul Haq, M ML. Bupati Lumajang, 14 Juni 2022.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nina Farlina, Setyadi Sulaiman, Faishal Sultan Bagaskara

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
This ejournal system and its contents are licensed under
a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License