MENURUNKAN KECEMASAN MENGHADAPI PRAKTIK BELAJAR KERJA PENYANDANG DISABILITAS FISIK DENGAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK
Main Article Content
Keywords
anxiety, group guidance, persons with physical disabilities
Abstract
Every human is born in different conditions. Some of them are born normal, and some are born with physical limitations. In its growth, even normal human conditions can turn into persons with physical disabilities due to several factors. This study aims to determine the effect of group guidance on anxiety in the face of learning practices of persons with physical disabilities. The sample in this study were seven physical disabilities persons who are chosen by using purposive sampling technique. The approach used was pre-experiment with one-group pretest-posttest design. Measurements are made with instruments that measure anxiety facing work learning practices. The measuring instrument consists of 35 items of valid statements and has a reliability coefficient of 0.828. Hypothesis testing shows the results of the Z analysis is -2,366 with Asymp. Sig. 0,018 (p <0,05). It was concluded that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, which meant that group guidance could reduce the anxiety of learning practices of persons with physical disabilities.
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References
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Kaplan, D. (2000). The Definition of Disability: Perspective of the Disability Community. Journal of Health Care Law & Policy, 3(2), 352–364.
Konghoiro, I., Kartasasmita, S., & Subroto, U. (2017). Penerapan Group Gestalt Therapy Bagi warga Binaan Lapas Narkotika X yang Mengalami Kecemasan Menjelang Bebas. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, Dan Seni, 1(2), 430–438. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v1i2.921
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Machdan, D. M., & Hartini, N. (2012). Hubungan Antara Penerimaan Diri Dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja Pada Tunadaksa Di UPT Rehabilitasi Sosial Cacat Tubuh Pasuruan. Jurnal Psikologi Klinis Dan Kesehatan Mental Vol., 1(02), 72–78.
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Mardiana, N. (2017). Peranan Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Tingkat Kecemasan Siswa Menghadapi Ujian Nasional. Sosio-E-Kons, 9(2), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.30998/sosioekons.v9i2.1945
Mohsin, M. N., Saeed, W., & Zaidi, I. H. (2013). Comorbidity of Physical Disability with Depression and Anxiety. International Journal of Environment, Ecology, Family and Urban Studies (IJEEFUS), 3(1), 79–88.
Moran, A. (2012). Concentration: Attention and Performance. In S. M. Murphy (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199731763.013.0006
Mushtaq, S., & Akhouri, D. (2016). Self Esteem, Anxiety, Depression and Stress among Physically Disabled People. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(4), 125–132.
Nanay, B. (2017). Catharsis and Vicarious Fear. Wiley European Journal of Philosophy, 26, 1371–1380. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12325
Nasution, H. B. (2012). Kecemasan Berkomunikasi Antarpribadi Dalam Tes Wawancara Kerja. Flow, 1(1), 1–17.
Nida, F. L. K. (2014). Zikir Sebagai Psikoterapi dalam Gangguan Kecemasan Bagi Lansia. Konseling Religi, 5(1), 133–150. https://doi.org/10.21043/kr.v5i1.1064
Prayitno, Afdal, Ifdil, & Ardi, Z. (2017). Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling Kelompok yang Berhasil (Dasar dan Profil). Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Purnamarini, D. P. A., Setiawan, T. I., & Hidayat, D. R. (2016). Pengaruh Terapi Expressive Writing Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Saat Ujian Sekolah. Insight: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 5(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.21009/INSIGHT.051.06
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Rachmady, T. M. N., & Aprilia, E. D. (2018). Hubungan Adversity Quotient Dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja Pada Freshgraduate Universitas Syiah Kuala. Jurnal Psikogenesis, 6(1), 54–60.
Rahayu, Y. I. (2014). Strategi Intervensi Konseling Untuk Mengatasi Kecemasan Siswa. Pawiyatan, 21(1), 111.
Rahmati, F., & Zareian, E. (2014). Effects of 8 Weeks Aerobic Training on the Social-Physical Anxiety in Women with Multiple Sclerosis. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 2(2), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.aassjournal.2.2.65
Richards, T. A. (2014). Overcoming Social Anxiety: Step by Step. California: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Rosliani, N., & Ariati, J. (2016). Hubungan Antara Regulasi Diri dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja pada Pengurus Ikatan Lembaga Mahasiswa Psikologi Indonesia (ILMPI). Empati, 5(4), 744–749.
Rottenberg-Rosler, B., Schonmann, S., & Berman, E. (2009). Dear Diary: Catharsis and Narratives of Aloneness in Adolescents’ Diaries. Enquire, 2(1), 133–156.
Sari, A. D. K., & Subandi. (2015). Pelatihan Teknik Relaksasi untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Pada Primary Caregiver Penderita Kanker Payudara. Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology, 1(3), 173–192. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.9393
Sari, G. N., Nurjasmi, Aticeh, Hartaty, D., & Ichwan, E. Y. (2018). Efektivitas VCT dan Terapi Warna dalam Penurunan Tingkat Kecemasan dan Pengambilan Keputusan. Jurnal Ilmiah Bidan, III(2), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.0809/jib.v3i2.77
Schneider, A. (2008). Personal Adjustment and Mental Health (New York). Rinehart and Winston Inc.
Shaddri, I., Dharmayana, I. W., & Sulian, I. (2018). Penggunaan Teknik Guided Imagery Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Siswa Mengikuti Aktivitas Konseling Kelompok. Consilia: Jurnal Ilmiah BK, 1(3), 68–78.
Smart, A. (2011). Anak Cacat Bukan Kiamat (Metode Pembelajaran & Terapi Untuk Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus). Yogyakarta: Kata Hati.
Straton, D. (1990). Catharsis Reconsidered. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 24, 543–551. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048679009062911
Sugiyono. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suhendri, Sugiharto, D., & Suwarjo. (2012). Efektivitas Konseling Kelompok Rational-Emotif untuk Membantu Siswa Mengatasi Kecemasan Menghadapi Ujian. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 1(2), 122–128.
Suliman, S., Stein, D. J., Myer, L., Williams, D. R., & Seedat, S. (2010). Disability and Treatment of Psychiatric and Physical Disorders in South Africa. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181c81708
Uzun, K. (2016). The Relationship between Foreign Language Anxiety and Self-directed Learning Readiness. International Association of Research in Foreign Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 30–46.
Wagner, S. (2010). The Most Inspirational Video You Will Ever See Nick Vujicic. Retrieved from Youtube website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOzsjEmjjHs
Waqiati, H. A., Hardjajani, T., & Nugroho, A. A. (2013). Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial dan Efikasi Diri dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja pada Penyandang Tuna Daksa. Jurnal Psikologi, 2(1), 1–12.
Wilianto, V. M., & Adiyanti, M. (2012). Terapi Musik Kognitif Perilaku Untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Pada Penderita Tekanan Darah Tinggi. Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi (JIP), 4(1), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.20885/intervensipsikologi.vol4.iss1.art6
Yunita, D. Y., & Astuti, T. P. (2014). Kecemasan Dalam Menghadapi Dunia Kerja Ditinjau Dari Konsep Diri Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir. Journal Psikologi, 3(4), 1–12.
Azhari, T. R., & Mirza. (2016). Hubungan Regulasi Diri dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Universitas Syiah Kuala. Mediapsi, 2(2), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2016.002.02.4
Babazadeh, T., Sarkhoshi, R., Bahadori, F., Moradi, F., Shariat, F., & Sherizadeh, Y. (2016). Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Disorders in Elderly People Residing in Khoy, Iran (2014-2015). Journal of Analytical Research in Clinical Medicine, 4(2), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.15171/jarcm.2016.020
Bandura, A. (1999). Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(2), 21–41. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
Brenes, G. A., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Judd, P. H., Rockwell, E., Sewell, D. D., & Wetherell, J. L. (2008). Anxiety, Depression, and Disability Across the Lifespan. Aging and Mental Health, 12(1), 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860601124115
Cooray, S. E., & Bakala, A. (2005). Anxiety Disorders in People with Learning Disabilities. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 11, 355–361. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.11.5.355
Corey, G. (2017). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (10th Ed). Boston: Cengange Learning.
Dalyono. (2015). Psikologi Pendidikan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Desmita. (2016). Psikologi Perkembangan Peserta Didik. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Faizah, N. (2018). Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) Dalam Menangani Kecemasan Penderita Ekstrapiramidal Sindrom Mahasiswa UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Jurnal Transformatif, 2(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.23971/tf.v2i1.916
Fidhzalidar, M. G. (2015). Tingkat Kecemasan Sosial pada Anak yang Mengalami Cacat Fisik di YPAC. Seminar Psikologi & Kemanusiaan 2015 Psychology Forum UMM, 519–523.
Fitri, D. (2017). Efektivitas Cognitive Behavior Therapy untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Berbicara di Depan Umum Pada Mahasiwa. Jurnal Psikologi, 10(1), 64–73.
Fitriani, H., & Rohman, R. Y. (2016). Pengaruh Konseling Terhadap Kecemasan Remaja Putri yang Mengalami Menarche. Jurnal Ilmu Keeprawatan, IV(2), 85–94.
Fromm, E. (1992). The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. New York: Holt Paperbacks.
Ghozali, I. (2013). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 21. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hadi, S. (2016). Metodologi Riset. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Hartinah, S. (2017). Konsep Dasar Bimbingan Kelompok. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Hendriks, S. M., Spijker, J., Licht, C. M. M., Hardeveld, F., de Graaf, R., Batelaan, N. M., … Beekman, A. T. F. (2016). Long-term Disability in Anxiety disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0946-y
Hurlock, E. B. (2017). Psikologi Perkembangan: Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Ioannis, P., Miltiadis, P., & Eleni, F. (2017). Physical Disabilities and Psychological Issues: A Systematic Review of the Literature. European Journal of Special Education Research, 2(3), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.244433 European
Ireel, A. M., Elita, Y., & Mishbahuddin, A. (2018). Efektivitas Layanan Konseling Kelompok Teknik Restrukturisasi Kognitif untuk Mereduksi Kecemasan Menghadapi Ujian Siswa Kelas VII SMP N 22 Kota Bengkulu. Consilia: Jurnal Ilmiah BK, 1(2), 1–10.
Jones, K. H., Jones, P. A., Middleton, R. M., Ford, D. V., Tuite-Dalton, K., Lockhart-Jones, H., … Noble, J. G. (2014). Physical Disability, Anxiety and Depression in People with MS: An Internet-Based Survey via the UK MS Register. PLoS One, 9(8), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104604
Kang, H.-J., Bae, K.-Y., Kim, S.-W., Shin, H.-Y., Shin, I.-S., Yoon, J.-S., & Kim, J.-M. (2017). Impact of Anxiety and Depression on Physical Health Condition and Disability in an Elderly Korean Population. Psychiatry Investigation, 14(3), 240–248. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4306/pi.2017.14.3.240
Kaplan, D. (2000). The Definition of Disability: Perspective of the Disability Community. Journal of Health Care Law & Policy, 3(2), 352–364.
Konghoiro, I., Kartasasmita, S., & Subroto, U. (2017). Penerapan Group Gestalt Therapy Bagi warga Binaan Lapas Narkotika X yang Mengalami Kecemasan Menjelang Bebas. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, Dan Seni, 1(2), 430–438. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v1i2.921
Lenze, E. J., Rogers, J. C., Martire, L. M., Mulsant, B. H., Rollman, B. L., Dew, M. A., … Reynolds, C. F. (2001). The Association of Late-life Depression and Anxiety with Physical Disabilty. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 9(2), 113–135. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019442-200105000-00004
Lukaningsih, Z. L. (2010). Pengembangan Kepribadian: untuk Mahasiswa Kesehatan dan Umum. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.
Machdan, D. M., & Hartini, N. (2012). Hubungan Antara Penerimaan Diri Dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja Pada Tunadaksa Di UPT Rehabilitasi Sosial Cacat Tubuh Pasuruan. Jurnal Psikologi Klinis Dan Kesehatan Mental Vol., 1(02), 72–78.
Manipuspika, Y. S. (2018). Correlation between Anxiety and Willingness to Communicate in the Indonesian EFL Context. Arab World English Journal, 9(9), 200–217. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol9no2.14
Mardiana, N. (2017). Peranan Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Tingkat Kecemasan Siswa Menghadapi Ujian Nasional. Sosio-E-Kons, 9(2), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.30998/sosioekons.v9i2.1945
Mohsin, M. N., Saeed, W., & Zaidi, I. H. (2013). Comorbidity of Physical Disability with Depression and Anxiety. International Journal of Environment, Ecology, Family and Urban Studies (IJEEFUS), 3(1), 79–88.
Moran, A. (2012). Concentration: Attention and Performance. In S. M. Murphy (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199731763.013.0006
Mushtaq, S., & Akhouri, D. (2016). Self Esteem, Anxiety, Depression and Stress among Physically Disabled People. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(4), 125–132.
Nanay, B. (2017). Catharsis and Vicarious Fear. Wiley European Journal of Philosophy, 26, 1371–1380. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12325
Nasution, H. B. (2012). Kecemasan Berkomunikasi Antarpribadi Dalam Tes Wawancara Kerja. Flow, 1(1), 1–17.
Nida, F. L. K. (2014). Zikir Sebagai Psikoterapi dalam Gangguan Kecemasan Bagi Lansia. Konseling Religi, 5(1), 133–150. https://doi.org/10.21043/kr.v5i1.1064
Prayitno, Afdal, Ifdil, & Ardi, Z. (2017). Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling Kelompok yang Berhasil (Dasar dan Profil). Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Purnamarini, D. P. A., Setiawan, T. I., & Hidayat, D. R. (2016). Pengaruh Terapi Expressive Writing Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Saat Ujian Sekolah. Insight: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 5(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.21009/INSIGHT.051.06
Putra, A. R. B. (2014). Peran Guru Bimbingan Konseling untuk Mereduksi Kecemasan Siswa Menjelang Ujian Nasional. Pedagogik Jurnal Pendidikan, 9(2), 65–75.
Rachmady, T. M. N., & Aprilia, E. D. (2018). Hubungan Adversity Quotient Dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja Pada Freshgraduate Universitas Syiah Kuala. Jurnal Psikogenesis, 6(1), 54–60.
Rahayu, Y. I. (2014). Strategi Intervensi Konseling Untuk Mengatasi Kecemasan Siswa. Pawiyatan, 21(1), 111.
Rahmati, F., & Zareian, E. (2014). Effects of 8 Weeks Aerobic Training on the Social-Physical Anxiety in Women with Multiple Sclerosis. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 2(2), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.aassjournal.2.2.65
Richards, T. A. (2014). Overcoming Social Anxiety: Step by Step. California: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Rosliani, N., & Ariati, J. (2016). Hubungan Antara Regulasi Diri dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja pada Pengurus Ikatan Lembaga Mahasiswa Psikologi Indonesia (ILMPI). Empati, 5(4), 744–749.
Rottenberg-Rosler, B., Schonmann, S., & Berman, E. (2009). Dear Diary: Catharsis and Narratives of Aloneness in Adolescents’ Diaries. Enquire, 2(1), 133–156.
Sari, A. D. K., & Subandi. (2015). Pelatihan Teknik Relaksasi untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Pada Primary Caregiver Penderita Kanker Payudara. Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology, 1(3), 173–192. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.9393
Sari, G. N., Nurjasmi, Aticeh, Hartaty, D., & Ichwan, E. Y. (2018). Efektivitas VCT dan Terapi Warna dalam Penurunan Tingkat Kecemasan dan Pengambilan Keputusan. Jurnal Ilmiah Bidan, III(2), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.0809/jib.v3i2.77
Schneider, A. (2008). Personal Adjustment and Mental Health (New York). Rinehart and Winston Inc.
Shaddri, I., Dharmayana, I. W., & Sulian, I. (2018). Penggunaan Teknik Guided Imagery Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Siswa Mengikuti Aktivitas Konseling Kelompok. Consilia: Jurnal Ilmiah BK, 1(3), 68–78.
Smart, A. (2011). Anak Cacat Bukan Kiamat (Metode Pembelajaran & Terapi Untuk Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus). Yogyakarta: Kata Hati.
Straton, D. (1990). Catharsis Reconsidered. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 24, 543–551. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048679009062911
Sugiyono. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suhendri, Sugiharto, D., & Suwarjo. (2012). Efektivitas Konseling Kelompok Rational-Emotif untuk Membantu Siswa Mengatasi Kecemasan Menghadapi Ujian. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 1(2), 122–128.
Suliman, S., Stein, D. J., Myer, L., Williams, D. R., & Seedat, S. (2010). Disability and Treatment of Psychiatric and Physical Disorders in South Africa. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181c81708
Uzun, K. (2016). The Relationship between Foreign Language Anxiety and Self-directed Learning Readiness. International Association of Research in Foreign Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 30–46.
Wagner, S. (2010). The Most Inspirational Video You Will Ever See Nick Vujicic. Retrieved from Youtube website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOzsjEmjjHs
Waqiati, H. A., Hardjajani, T., & Nugroho, A. A. (2013). Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial dan Efikasi Diri dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja pada Penyandang Tuna Daksa. Jurnal Psikologi, 2(1), 1–12.
Wilianto, V. M., & Adiyanti, M. (2012). Terapi Musik Kognitif Perilaku Untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Pada Penderita Tekanan Darah Tinggi. Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi (JIP), 4(1), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.20885/intervensipsikologi.vol4.iss1.art6
Yunita, D. Y., & Astuti, T. P. (2014). Kecemasan Dalam Menghadapi Dunia Kerja Ditinjau Dari Konsep Diri Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir. Journal Psikologi, 3(4), 1–12.