ISLAMIC HYPNOTHERAPY TO REDUCE PARENT'S ANXIETY TOWARDS THE FUTURE OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Anxiety About The Child's Future, Islamic Hypnotherapy, Parents With Autistic Children
Abstract
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have anxiety about their children's future. This anxiety affects the psychological well-being of parents. Therefore, parents need advice to reduce their stress level. Hypnotherapy methods have been proven that those are able to reduce anxiety in various cases. For this reason, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of Islamic hypnotherapy in overcoming the fear of parents with ASD children. This study employs a pre-experimental method consisting of one group which takes treatment with the Islamic hypnotherapy method. The measurement of anxiety about the child's future was conducted by giving a scale of stress to child's future, before and after providing an intervention.The results were tested by using SPSS with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Z = -2.251 and Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.024 (p<0.05), which mean that Islamic hypnotherapy can reduce the anxiety faced by parents who have autism children. Islamic hypnotherapy is capable of reducing stress because it teaches positive suggestions and and releases samples’ emotions.
References
Abbarin, M., Zemestani, M., Rabiei, M., & Bagheri, A. H. (2018). Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Hypnotherapy on Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Case Study. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 23(4), 394–407. https://doi.org/10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.394
Adwas, A. A., Jbireal, J. M., & Azab, A. E. (2019). Anxiety: Insights into Signs, Symptoms, Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment. East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences, 2(10), 580–591.
Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three Coefficients for Analyzing Reliability and Validity of Ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45, 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863870092005
Alford, B. A., & Beck, A. T. (1997). The Integrative Power of Cognitive Therapy. New York, USA: Guilford Press.
Ali, U., & Hasan, S. (2010). The Effectiveness of Relaxation Therapy in the Reduction of Anxiety Related Symptoms (A Case Study). International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(2), 202–208. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v2n2p202
Alladin, A. (2012). Cognitive Hypnotherapy: A New Vision and Strategy for Research and Practice. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 54(4), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2012.654528
Alladin, A. (2016). Cognitive Hypnotherapy for Accessing and Healing Emotional Injuries for Anxiety Disorders. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 59(1), 24–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2016.1163662
Alladin, A. (2018). Cognitive hypnotherapy for psychological management of depression in palliative care. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 7(1), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm.2017.08.15
Amundson, J. K. (2018). Mindfulness-Based Hypnotherapy. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 61(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2018.1465282
Annisa, D. F., Afdal, A., Daharnis, D., & Adlya, S. I. (2019). Hypnotherapy as an alternative approach in reducing anxiety in the elderly. Konselor, Vol. 8, pp. 32–37. https://doi.org/10.24036/0201874102696-0-00
Azwar, S. (2016). Reliabilitas dan Validitas (4 Ed). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Bakri, S., & Saifuddin, A. (2019). Sufi Healing: Integrasi Tasawuf dan Psikologi Dalam Penyembuhan Psikis dan Fisik. Depok: Rajagrafindo Persada.
Beck, A. T., & Weishaar, M. E. (2005). Cognitive Therapy. In R. J. Corsini & D. Wedding (Eds.), Current Psychotherapies (7th Ed, pp. 238–268). Belmont: Thomson Brooks/ Cole.
Benson, H., Arns, P. A., & Hoffman, J. W. (1981). The relaxation response and hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 29(3), 259–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207148108409160
Blackwell, S. E. (2019). Mental imagery: From basic research to clinical practice. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 29(3), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000108
Blackwell, S. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2017). Brightening the Day With Flashes of Positive Mental Imagery: A Case Study of an Individual With Depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22455
Borkovec, T. D., & Ruscio, A. M. (2001). Psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(11), 37â€45.
Carson, R. D. (1983). Taming your gremlin: A guide to enjoying yourself. Family Resource.
Collins-Donnelly, K. (2013). Starving the Anger Gremlin: A Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Workbook on Anger Management for Young People. London, United Kingdom: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Cowen, L. W. (2016). Literature Review into the Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy. Australian Counseling Research Journal, 1, 1–55.
DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th Ed). Thousand Oaks, California, United States: SAGE Publications.
Durrand, V. M., Barlow, D. H., & Hofmann, S. G. (2017). Abnormal Psychology: An Integrated Approach (8th Ed). Boston, Massachusetts, United States: Cengage Learning.
Durrand, V. M., Barlow, D. H., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology (8th Ed). Boston, Massachusetts, United States: Cengage Learning.
Facco, E. (2017). Meditation and Hypnosis: Two Sides of the Same Coin? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 65(2), 169–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2017.1276361
Feher-Prout, T. (1996). Stress and Coping in Families with Deaf Children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 1(3), 155–166.
Feist, J., Feist, G. J., & Roberts, T.-A. (2017). Theories Of Personality (8th Ed). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Education (Asia).
Frager, R. (1999). Heart, Self, and Soul: The Sufi Psychology of Growth, Balance, and Harmony. Wheaton, Illinois: Quest Books.
Fuhr, K., Schweizer, C., Meisner, C., & Batra, A. (2017). Efficacy of hypnotherapy compared to cognitive-behavioural therapy for mild- to-moderate depression: study protocol of a randomised-controlled rater-blind trial (WIKI-D). BMJ Open, 7, e016978. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2017-016978
Girli, A. (2018). Being a Parent of a Child With Autism From Diagnosis to the University Years. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(5), 55. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i5.3146
Gobrial, E. (2018). The Lived Experiences of Mothers of Children with the Autism Spectrum Disorders in Egypt. Social Sciences, 7(133), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7080133
Grover, M. P., Jensen, M. P., Patterson, D. R., Gertz, K. J., & Day, M. A. (2018). The Association Between Mindfulness and Hypnotizability: Clinical and Theoretical Implications. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 61(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2017.1419458 To
Guneya, S., Kalafatb, T., & Boysan, M. (2010). Dimensions of Mental Health: Life Satisfaction, Anxiety and Depression: A Preventive Mental Health Study in Ankara University Students Population. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 1210–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.174
Huppert, J. D., & Sanderson, W. C. (2009). Psychotherapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In D. J. Stein, E. Hollander, & B. O. Rothbaum (Eds.), Textbook of Aniety Disorders (pp. 253–274). Virginia, United States: American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
Ibrahim. (2018). Kesehatan Ala Hipnoterapi Islam. Jurnal Ilmiah Syi’ar, 18(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.29300/syr.v18i2.1684
Javanmarda, G. H., & Garegozlo, R. M. (2013). The Effectiveness Of Relaxation Training On Anxiety Of Disordered Children’s Mothers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 341 – 345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.563
Khamis, V. (2007). Psychological Distress Among Parents Of Children With Mental Retardation In The United Arab Emirates. Social Science & Medicine, 64(4), 850–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.022
Khan, N., Ahmad, N. bt, Beg, A. H., Fakheraldin, M. A. I., Alla, A. N. A., & Nubli, M. (2010). Mental and Spiritual Relaxation by Recitation of the Holy Quran Nawsher. Second International Conference on Computer Research and Development Mental, 863–867. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCRD.2010.62
Khodabakhsh, M. R., Kiani, F., & Ahmedbookani, S. (2014). Psychological Well-being and Parenting Styles as Predictors of Mental Health among Students: Implication for Health Promotion. International Journal of Pediatrics (Supplement 5), 2(3–3), 39–46.
Kumar, A., & Jena, S. P. K. (2013). Effect of Clinical Hypnotherapy on Anxiety Symptoms. Delhi Psychiatry Journal, 16(1), 134–139.
Kumar, U., & Singh, A. P. (2015). Hypnotherapy and Relaxation Intervention on Anxiety and Depression Level of HIV/AIDS Patients. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 5(1), 532–533. https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar
Latipun. (2015). Psikologi Eksperimen. Malang: UMM Press.
Leitch, S., Sciberras, E., Post, B., Gerner, B., Rinehart, N., Nicholson, J. M., … To. (2019). Experience of stress in parents of children with ADHD: A qualitative study. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 14(1), 1690091. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1690091
Maina, G., Mauri, M., & Rossi, A. (2016). Anxiety and depression. Journal of Psychopathology, 22(4), 236–250. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/18030_26
Mubarokah, R. I., Prasetya, H., & Respati, S. H. (2020). The Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy to Reduce Anxiety in Pre-Caesarean Section Women. Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 5(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.01.02
Nelson-Jones, R. (2014). Theory and Practice of Counselling and Psychotherapy (4th Ed). Thousand Oaks, California, United States: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Nevid, J. S., Rathus, S. A., & Greene, B. (2017). Abnormal Psychology in a Changing World (10th Ed). London, UK: Pearson Education, Inc.
Panahi, F., & Faramarzi, M. (2016). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Depression and Anxiety in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome. Depression Research and Treatment, 2016, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9816481
Pastor-Cerezuela, G., Fernández-Andrés, M. I., Tárraga-MÃnguez, R., & Navarro-Peña, J. M. (2015). Parental Stress and ASD: Relationship With Autism Symptom Severity, IQ, and Resilience. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 31(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357615583471
Phetrasuwan, S., & Miles, M. S. (2009). Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 14(3), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2009.00188.x
Ping, S. L. S., Hassan, S. A., Noah, S. M., Krauss, L. S., & Zainudin, Z. N. (2018). Unveiling the Experiences through Feeling in Undergoing Spiritual Hypnotherapy with Islamic Approach (SPHIA) for Female Children Victim of Incest. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(6), 507–519. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i6/4254
Quittner, A. L., Barker, D. H., Cruz, I., Snell, C., Grimley, M. E., Botteri, M., & Team, the Cd. I. (2010). Parenting Stress among Parents of Deaf and Hearing Children: Associations with Language Delays and Behavior Problems. Parenting: Science and Practice, 10(2), 136–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295190903212851
Radó, M. K. (2019). Tracking the Effects of Parenthood on Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Hungary. Journal of Happiness Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00166-y
Rohmadani, Z. V. (2017). Metode Future Pacing Hypnotherapy Untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Mahasiswa Baru. Journal of Health Studies, 1(2), 125–129. https://doi.org/10.31101/jhes.249
Saifuddin, A. (2019). Penelitian Eksperimen Dalam Psikologi. Jakarta: Kencana.
Saifuddin, A. (2020). Penyusunan Skala Psikologi. Jakarta: Kencana.
Santoso, W. W., & Dewi, D. K. (2014). Efektifitas Hypnotherapy Teknik Direct Suggestion Untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Mahasiswa Terhadap Skripsi. Character, 3(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_200593
Schulz-Stübner, S., Krings, T., Meister, I. G., Rex, S., Thron, A., & Rossaint, R. (2004). Clinical hypnosis modulates functional magnetic resonance imaging signal intensities and pain perception in a thermal stimulation paradigm. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 29(6), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rapm.2004.09.002
Semiun, Y. (2006). Kesehatan Mental. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Seniati, L., Yulianto, A., & Setiadi, B. N. (2005). Psikologi Eksperimen. Jakarta: Penerbit Indeks.
Setyadi, A. W., Murti, B., & Demartoto, A. (2016). The Effect of Hypnotherapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, in People Living with HIV/AIDS, in “Friendship Plus†Peer Supporting Group, in Kediri, East Java. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior, 1(2), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.02.05
Shenefelt, P. D. (2003). Hypnosis-Facilitated Relaxation Using Self-Guided Imagery During Dermatologic Procedures. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 45(3), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2003.10403528
Shestopal, I. (2014). Hypnotherapy for anxiety in private practice: SCL-90 results and case description. Contemporary Hypnosis and Integrative Therapy, 30(2), 93–101.
Simpkins, C. A., & Simpkins, A. M. (2012). Mindfulness and Hypnosis: The Power of Suggestion to Transform Experience by M. Yapko. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 55(2), 199–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2013.686417
Stanojević, N., Nenadović, V., Fatić, S., & Stokić, M. (2017). Exploring Factors Of Stress Level In Parents Of Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Specijalna Edukacija i Rehabilitacija (Beograd), 16(4), 445–463. https://doi.org/10.5937/specedreh16-13861
Subandi, A., & Rusana. (2014). Pengalaman Orang Tua Dalam Mengasuh Anak Dengan Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorders (ADHD)/Hiperaktif. Jurnal Kesehatan Al-Irsyad (JKA), V(1), 50–60.
Syamsuddin, & Jafar, F. S. (2015). Pengharapan Orangtua Terhadap Anak Prasekolah Ditinjau Dari Psikologi Perkembangan Anak. Edusentris, Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 2(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.17509/edusentris.v2i1.163
Trimulyaningsih, N., Wulandari, E., & Sofia, N. (2017). Qualitative Research on Islamic Psychotherapy: A Metasynthesis Study in Indonesia. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 2(3), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.23916/002017025630
Valentine, K. E., Milling, L. S., Clark, L. J., & Moriarty, C. L. (2019). the Efficacy of Hypnosis As a Treatment for Anxiety: a Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 67(3), 336–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2019.1613863
Vasel, M. Y., Farhadi, M., Paidar, M. R. Z., & Chegini, A. A. (2016). The efficacy of hypnotherapy for ego strengthening and negative self-talk in female heads of households. Sleep and Hypnosis, 18(4), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.5350/Sleep.Hypn.2016.18.0111
Vickers, A., & Zollman, C. (1999). Hypnosis and relaxation therapies. BMJ, 319, 1346–1349.
Wang, Y., & Jiang, Z.-P. (2016). Effect of Parenting Styles and Self-Esteem on Subject Well-being among Chinese Medical Students. International Forum of Teaching and Studies, 12(2), 26–31.
Adwas, A. A., Jbireal, J. M., & Azab, A. E. (2019). Anxiety: Insights into Signs, Symptoms, Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment. East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences, 2(10), 580–591.
Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three Coefficients for Analyzing Reliability and Validity of Ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45, 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863870092005
Alford, B. A., & Beck, A. T. (1997). The Integrative Power of Cognitive Therapy. New York, USA: Guilford Press.
Ali, U., & Hasan, S. (2010). The Effectiveness of Relaxation Therapy in the Reduction of Anxiety Related Symptoms (A Case Study). International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(2), 202–208. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v2n2p202
Alladin, A. (2012). Cognitive Hypnotherapy: A New Vision and Strategy for Research and Practice. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 54(4), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2012.654528
Alladin, A. (2016). Cognitive Hypnotherapy for Accessing and Healing Emotional Injuries for Anxiety Disorders. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 59(1), 24–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2016.1163662
Alladin, A. (2018). Cognitive hypnotherapy for psychological management of depression in palliative care. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 7(1), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm.2017.08.15
Amundson, J. K. (2018). Mindfulness-Based Hypnotherapy. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 61(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2018.1465282
Annisa, D. F., Afdal, A., Daharnis, D., & Adlya, S. I. (2019). Hypnotherapy as an alternative approach in reducing anxiety in the elderly. Konselor, Vol. 8, pp. 32–37. https://doi.org/10.24036/0201874102696-0-00
Azwar, S. (2016). Reliabilitas dan Validitas (4 Ed). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Bakri, S., & Saifuddin, A. (2019). Sufi Healing: Integrasi Tasawuf dan Psikologi Dalam Penyembuhan Psikis dan Fisik. Depok: Rajagrafindo Persada.
Beck, A. T., & Weishaar, M. E. (2005). Cognitive Therapy. In R. J. Corsini & D. Wedding (Eds.), Current Psychotherapies (7th Ed, pp. 238–268). Belmont: Thomson Brooks/ Cole.
Benson, H., Arns, P. A., & Hoffman, J. W. (1981). The relaxation response and hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 29(3), 259–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207148108409160
Blackwell, S. E. (2019). Mental imagery: From basic research to clinical practice. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 29(3), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000108
Blackwell, S. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2017). Brightening the Day With Flashes of Positive Mental Imagery: A Case Study of an Individual With Depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22455
Borkovec, T. D., & Ruscio, A. M. (2001). Psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(11), 37â€45.
Carson, R. D. (1983). Taming your gremlin: A guide to enjoying yourself. Family Resource.
Collins-Donnelly, K. (2013). Starving the Anger Gremlin: A Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Workbook on Anger Management for Young People. London, United Kingdom: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Cowen, L. W. (2016). Literature Review into the Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy. Australian Counseling Research Journal, 1, 1–55.
DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th Ed). Thousand Oaks, California, United States: SAGE Publications.
Durrand, V. M., Barlow, D. H., & Hofmann, S. G. (2017). Abnormal Psychology: An Integrated Approach (8th Ed). Boston, Massachusetts, United States: Cengage Learning.
Durrand, V. M., Barlow, D. H., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology (8th Ed). Boston, Massachusetts, United States: Cengage Learning.
Facco, E. (2017). Meditation and Hypnosis: Two Sides of the Same Coin? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 65(2), 169–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2017.1276361
Feher-Prout, T. (1996). Stress and Coping in Families with Deaf Children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 1(3), 155–166.
Feist, J., Feist, G. J., & Roberts, T.-A. (2017). Theories Of Personality (8th Ed). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Education (Asia).
Frager, R. (1999). Heart, Self, and Soul: The Sufi Psychology of Growth, Balance, and Harmony. Wheaton, Illinois: Quest Books.
Fuhr, K., Schweizer, C., Meisner, C., & Batra, A. (2017). Efficacy of hypnotherapy compared to cognitive-behavioural therapy for mild- to-moderate depression: study protocol of a randomised-controlled rater-blind trial (WIKI-D). BMJ Open, 7, e016978. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2017-016978
Girli, A. (2018). Being a Parent of a Child With Autism From Diagnosis to the University Years. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(5), 55. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i5.3146
Gobrial, E. (2018). The Lived Experiences of Mothers of Children with the Autism Spectrum Disorders in Egypt. Social Sciences, 7(133), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7080133
Grover, M. P., Jensen, M. P., Patterson, D. R., Gertz, K. J., & Day, M. A. (2018). The Association Between Mindfulness and Hypnotizability: Clinical and Theoretical Implications. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 61(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2017.1419458 To
Guneya, S., Kalafatb, T., & Boysan, M. (2010). Dimensions of Mental Health: Life Satisfaction, Anxiety and Depression: A Preventive Mental Health Study in Ankara University Students Population. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 1210–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.174
Huppert, J. D., & Sanderson, W. C. (2009). Psychotherapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In D. J. Stein, E. Hollander, & B. O. Rothbaum (Eds.), Textbook of Aniety Disorders (pp. 253–274). Virginia, United States: American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
Ibrahim. (2018). Kesehatan Ala Hipnoterapi Islam. Jurnal Ilmiah Syi’ar, 18(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.29300/syr.v18i2.1684
Javanmarda, G. H., & Garegozlo, R. M. (2013). The Effectiveness Of Relaxation Training On Anxiety Of Disordered Children’s Mothers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 341 – 345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.563
Khamis, V. (2007). Psychological Distress Among Parents Of Children With Mental Retardation In The United Arab Emirates. Social Science & Medicine, 64(4), 850–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.022
Khan, N., Ahmad, N. bt, Beg, A. H., Fakheraldin, M. A. I., Alla, A. N. A., & Nubli, M. (2010). Mental and Spiritual Relaxation by Recitation of the Holy Quran Nawsher. Second International Conference on Computer Research and Development Mental, 863–867. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCRD.2010.62
Khodabakhsh, M. R., Kiani, F., & Ahmedbookani, S. (2014). Psychological Well-being and Parenting Styles as Predictors of Mental Health among Students: Implication for Health Promotion. International Journal of Pediatrics (Supplement 5), 2(3–3), 39–46.
Kumar, A., & Jena, S. P. K. (2013). Effect of Clinical Hypnotherapy on Anxiety Symptoms. Delhi Psychiatry Journal, 16(1), 134–139.
Kumar, U., & Singh, A. P. (2015). Hypnotherapy and Relaxation Intervention on Anxiety and Depression Level of HIV/AIDS Patients. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 5(1), 532–533. https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar
Latipun. (2015). Psikologi Eksperimen. Malang: UMM Press.
Leitch, S., Sciberras, E., Post, B., Gerner, B., Rinehart, N., Nicholson, J. M., … To. (2019). Experience of stress in parents of children with ADHD: A qualitative study. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 14(1), 1690091. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1690091
Maina, G., Mauri, M., & Rossi, A. (2016). Anxiety and depression. Journal of Psychopathology, 22(4), 236–250. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/18030_26
Mubarokah, R. I., Prasetya, H., & Respati, S. H. (2020). The Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy to Reduce Anxiety in Pre-Caesarean Section Women. Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 5(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.01.02
Nelson-Jones, R. (2014). Theory and Practice of Counselling and Psychotherapy (4th Ed). Thousand Oaks, California, United States: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Nevid, J. S., Rathus, S. A., & Greene, B. (2017). Abnormal Psychology in a Changing World (10th Ed). London, UK: Pearson Education, Inc.
Panahi, F., & Faramarzi, M. (2016). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Depression and Anxiety in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome. Depression Research and Treatment, 2016, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9816481
Pastor-Cerezuela, G., Fernández-Andrés, M. I., Tárraga-MÃnguez, R., & Navarro-Peña, J. M. (2015). Parental Stress and ASD: Relationship With Autism Symptom Severity, IQ, and Resilience. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 31(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357615583471
Phetrasuwan, S., & Miles, M. S. (2009). Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 14(3), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2009.00188.x
Ping, S. L. S., Hassan, S. A., Noah, S. M., Krauss, L. S., & Zainudin, Z. N. (2018). Unveiling the Experiences through Feeling in Undergoing Spiritual Hypnotherapy with Islamic Approach (SPHIA) for Female Children Victim of Incest. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(6), 507–519. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i6/4254
Quittner, A. L., Barker, D. H., Cruz, I., Snell, C., Grimley, M. E., Botteri, M., & Team, the Cd. I. (2010). Parenting Stress among Parents of Deaf and Hearing Children: Associations with Language Delays and Behavior Problems. Parenting: Science and Practice, 10(2), 136–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295190903212851
Radó, M. K. (2019). Tracking the Effects of Parenthood on Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Hungary. Journal of Happiness Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00166-y
Rohmadani, Z. V. (2017). Metode Future Pacing Hypnotherapy Untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Mahasiswa Baru. Journal of Health Studies, 1(2), 125–129. https://doi.org/10.31101/jhes.249
Saifuddin, A. (2019). Penelitian Eksperimen Dalam Psikologi. Jakarta: Kencana.
Saifuddin, A. (2020). Penyusunan Skala Psikologi. Jakarta: Kencana.
Santoso, W. W., & Dewi, D. K. (2014). Efektifitas Hypnotherapy Teknik Direct Suggestion Untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Mahasiswa Terhadap Skripsi. Character, 3(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_200593
Schulz-Stübner, S., Krings, T., Meister, I. G., Rex, S., Thron, A., & Rossaint, R. (2004). Clinical hypnosis modulates functional magnetic resonance imaging signal intensities and pain perception in a thermal stimulation paradigm. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 29(6), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rapm.2004.09.002
Semiun, Y. (2006). Kesehatan Mental. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Seniati, L., Yulianto, A., & Setiadi, B. N. (2005). Psikologi Eksperimen. Jakarta: Penerbit Indeks.
Setyadi, A. W., Murti, B., & Demartoto, A. (2016). The Effect of Hypnotherapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, in People Living with HIV/AIDS, in “Friendship Plus†Peer Supporting Group, in Kediri, East Java. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior, 1(2), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.02.05
Shenefelt, P. D. (2003). Hypnosis-Facilitated Relaxation Using Self-Guided Imagery During Dermatologic Procedures. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 45(3), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2003.10403528
Shestopal, I. (2014). Hypnotherapy for anxiety in private practice: SCL-90 results and case description. Contemporary Hypnosis and Integrative Therapy, 30(2), 93–101.
Simpkins, C. A., & Simpkins, A. M. (2012). Mindfulness and Hypnosis: The Power of Suggestion to Transform Experience by M. Yapko. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 55(2), 199–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2013.686417
Stanojević, N., Nenadović, V., Fatić, S., & Stokić, M. (2017). Exploring Factors Of Stress Level In Parents Of Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Specijalna Edukacija i Rehabilitacija (Beograd), 16(4), 445–463. https://doi.org/10.5937/specedreh16-13861
Subandi, A., & Rusana. (2014). Pengalaman Orang Tua Dalam Mengasuh Anak Dengan Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorders (ADHD)/Hiperaktif. Jurnal Kesehatan Al-Irsyad (JKA), V(1), 50–60.
Syamsuddin, & Jafar, F. S. (2015). Pengharapan Orangtua Terhadap Anak Prasekolah Ditinjau Dari Psikologi Perkembangan Anak. Edusentris, Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 2(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.17509/edusentris.v2i1.163
Trimulyaningsih, N., Wulandari, E., & Sofia, N. (2017). Qualitative Research on Islamic Psychotherapy: A Metasynthesis Study in Indonesia. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 2(3), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.23916/002017025630
Valentine, K. E., Milling, L. S., Clark, L. J., & Moriarty, C. L. (2019). the Efficacy of Hypnosis As a Treatment for Anxiety: a Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 67(3), 336–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2019.1613863
Vasel, M. Y., Farhadi, M., Paidar, M. R. Z., & Chegini, A. A. (2016). The efficacy of hypnotherapy for ego strengthening and negative self-talk in female heads of households. Sleep and Hypnosis, 18(4), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.5350/Sleep.Hypn.2016.18.0111
Vickers, A., & Zollman, C. (1999). Hypnosis and relaxation therapies. BMJ, 319, 1346–1349.
Wang, Y., & Jiang, Z.-P. (2016). Effect of Parenting Styles and Self-Esteem on Subject Well-being among Chinese Medical Students. International Forum of Teaching and Studies, 12(2), 26–31.