FORGIVENESS, SELF-ESTEEM, AND RESILIENCE IN ADULT VICTIMS OF BULLYING
Main Article Content
Keywords
adult victim of bullying, forgiveness, resilience, self-esteem
Abstract
Apart from occurring in children and adolescents, bullying also occurs in adult groups. The impact on adults includes psychological, physical, social, and economic dimensions. The main impact that often affects victims of adult bullying is emotional problem. Forgiveness and self-esteem are indicated to be two variables that influence resilience in victims of adult bullying. This study aimed to determine the effect of forgiveness and self-esteem on resilience in 94 adults who are victims of bullying. The analysis was performed using regression analysis. The result obtained in this study was that forgiveness and self-esteem affect 49.5% (R Square = 0.495, Sig. = 0.000) of the resilience of bullying victims. Thus, forgiveness and self-esteem are essential keys to increase the resilience of victims of bullying so that they are not prone to experiencing mental disorders.
References
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Griffin, B. J., Worthington Jr., E. L., Greer, C. L., Lin, Y., Davis, D. E., & Hook, J. N. (2015). Efficacy of a Self-Forgiveness Workbook: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Interpersonal Offenders. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(2), 124–136. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000060
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Habibi, M. M., & Hidayati, F. (2018). Hubungan Antara Pemaafan Diri Sendiri, Pemaafan Orang Lain, Dan Pemaafan Situasi Dengan Resiliensi Pada Mahasiswa Baru (Studi Korelasi Pada Mahasiswa Baru Universitas Diponegoro Semarang). Empati, 6(2), 62–69.
Hatta, M. (2018). Tindakan Perundungan (Bullying) Dalam Dunia Pendidikan Ditinjau Berdasarkan Hukum Pidana Islam. MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 41(2), 280–301. https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v41i2.488
Henriksen, I. O. (2016). Self-Esteem as a Resilience Factor for Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Attention Problems: Evidence from A Clinical Population of Adolescents. Graduate Thesis in Medicine NTNU, 1–15.
Henriksen, I. O., Ranøyen, I., Indredavik, M. S., & Stenseng, F. (2017). The Role of Self-esteem in the Development of Psychiatric Problems: A Three-year Prospective Study in A Clinical Sample of Adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 11(68), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-017-0207-y
Herrman, H., Stewart, D. E., Diaz-Granados, N., D, E. L. B., Jackson, B., & Yuen, T. (2011). What Is Resilience? The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(5), 258–265.
Hidayati, N., & Rahayuningsih, I. (2014). Bentuk Dan Dampak Kekerasan Di Tempat Kerja (Workplace Bullying) Pada Buruh Pabrik Di Gresik. Jurnal Psikosains, 9(2), 125–139.
Jaufalaily, N., & Himam, F. (2017). Resilience as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Forgiveness and Happiness Among College Student. Anima Indonesian Psychological Journal, 32(3), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v32i3.626
Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2017). Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues (9th Ed). Australia: Cengage Learning.
Karatas, Z., & Cakar, F. S. (2011). Self-Esteem and Hopelessness, and Resiliency: An Exploratory Study of Adolescents in Turkey. International Education Studies, 4(4), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v4n4p84
Karduz, F. F. A., & Saricam, H. (2018). The Relationships between Positivity, Forgiveness, Happiness, and Revenge. Revista Românească Pentru Educaţie Multidimensională, 10(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/68 The
Kim, H. K., & Lee, M. (2014). Effectiveness of Forgiveness Therapy on Resilience, Self-esteem, and Spirituality of Wives of Alcoholics. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 44(3), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.3.237
Kirmani, M. N. (2015). Gratitude, Forgiveness, and Subjective-well-being Among College Going Students. International Journal Of Public Mental Health And Neurosciences, 2(2), 1–10.
KJ, L. (2018). Forgiveness: Definitions, Perspectives, Contexts, and Correlates. Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy, 08(03), 1000342. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0487.1000342
Kumar, A., & Dixit, V. (2014). Forgiveness, Gratitude, and Resilience Among Indian Youth. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 5(12), 1414–1419.
Kurniawan, B., Neviyarni, N., & Solfema, S. (2018). The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Resilience of Adolescents who Living in Orphanages. International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education, 1(1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.24036/0054za0002
Kwek, A., Bui, H. T., Rynne, J., & So, K. K. F. (2013). The Impacts of Self-Esteem and Resilience on Academic Performance: An Investigation of Domestic and International Hospitality and Tourism Undergraduate Students. Journal of Hospitality, 23, 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2013.826946
Marks, M. J., Trafimow, D., Busche, L. K., & Oates, K. N. (2013). A Function of Forgiveness: Exploring the Relationship Between Negative Mood and Forgiving. SAGE Open, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013507267
Mary, E. M., & Patra, S. (2016). Relationship between Forgiveness, Gratitude, and Resilience among the Adolescents. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(1), 63–68.
McCullough, M. E. (2001). Forgiveness: Who Does It and How Do They Do It? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 194–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00147
Min, J. A., Lee, N. Bin, Lee, C. U., Lee, C., & Chae, J. H. (2012). Low Trait Anxiety, High Resilience, and Their Interaction as Possible Predictors for Treatment Response in Patients With Depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 137(1–3), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.026
Nagra, G. S., Lin, A., & Upthegrove, R. (2016). What Bridges the Gap Between Self-harm and Suicidality? The Role of Forgiveness, Resilience, and Attachment. Psychiatry Research, 241, 78–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.103
Najam-us-Sahar, & Muzaffar, N. (2017). Role of Family System, Positive Emotions, and Resilience in Social Adjustment among Pakistani Adolescents. Journal of Educational, Health, and Community Psychology, 6(2), 46–58.
Nashori, F. (2015). Psikologi Pemaafan. Yogyakarta: Safiria Insania Press.
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Dec 10, 2020
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Muvariz, D. H., Fitriani, H. N., Nisrina, I., & Nashori, F. (2020). FORGIVENESS, SELF-ESTEEM, AND RESILIENCE IN ADULT VICTIMS OF BULLYING. Al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 5(2), 165–192. https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v5i2.2375
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