THE PORTRAYAL OF FEMALE CONVICTS IN THE NEWS REPORTING OF CANING EXECUTION IN ACEH
Main Article Content
Keywords
Aceh, caning execution, female convict, online news
Abstract
A prior observation indicated different portrayals of male and female convicts in caning execution news on five local online media in Aceh from 2018 until 2020. This study focuses on the emerging discourse surrounded female convicts. The study aims to discover the reality concerning context, production, text consumption, and social-cultural aspects influencing the discourse production within the text. This qualitative-descriptive study analyzed data from fifteen caning execution news, in-depth interviews with seven journalists, two editors, and one member of the Alliance of Independent Journalist  Banda Aceh chapter (Aliansi Jurnalis Independen/AJI Banda Aceh). This study utilized Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis as the data analysis method. The findings revealed that the female convicts dominated news about caning, especially in khalwat and ikhtilat cases. Female convicts were represented as figures who violated social and moral norms, gender stereotypes, and expectations of femininity. This discourse benefited news organizations economically and also promoted discrimination against female convicts.
References
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Rabionet, S. E. (2011). How I Learned To Design And Conduct Semi-Structured Interviews: An Ongoing And Continuous Journey. Qualitative Report, 16(2), 563–566. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2011.1070
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Shaw, A. (2017). Encoding And Decoding Affordances: Stuart Hall And Interactive Media Technologies. Media, Culture & Society, 39(4), 592–602. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443717692741
Storey, J. (2010). Cultural Studies And The Study Of Popular Culture (3rd Ed). Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.
Tandoc, Jr., E. C., & Vos, T. P. (2016). The Journalist Is Marketing The News: Social Media In The Gatekeeping Process. Journalism Practice, 10(8), 950–966. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1087811
Willnat, L., Weaver, D. H., & Choi, J. (2013). The Global Journalist In The Twenty-First Century: A Cross-National Study Of Journalistic Competencies. Journalism Practice, 7(2), 163–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.753210
Wright, K. A. M., & Holland, J. (2014). Leadership And The Media: Gendered Framings Of Julia Gillard’s 'Sexism And Misogyny’ Speech. Australian Journal Of Political Science, 49(3), 455–468. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.929089
Ziegele, M., Weber, M., Quiring, O., & Breiner, T. (2018). The Dynamics Of Online News Discussions: Effects Of News Articles And Reader Comments On Users’ Involvement, Willingness To Participate, And The Civility Of Their Contributions. Information, Communication & Society, 21(10), 1419–1435. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1324505
Bahri, S. (2013). Konsep Implementasi Syariat Islam Di Aceh. Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 15(2), 313–338. http://202.4.186.66/kanun/article/view/6174
Brennan, P. K., & Vandenberg, A. L. (2009). Depictions Of Female Offenders In Front-Page Newspaper Stories: The Importance Of Race/Ethnicity, International Journal of Social Inquiry, 2(2), 141-175
Chiu, W., & Lu, K. (2015). Paradigmatic Relations And Syntagmatic Relations: How Are They Related? Proceedings Of The Association For Information Science And Technology, 52(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2015.1450520100122
Dawson, P. (2014). Our Anonymous Online Research Participants Are Not Always Anonymous: Is This A Problem? British Journal Of Educational Technology, 45(3), 428–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12144
Dedees, A. R. (2014). No Perempuan Seksi Dalam Jaring Korupsi. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 11(1), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v11i1.383
Dick, M. (2011). Search Engine Optimisation In UK News Production. Journalism Practice, 5(4), 462–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2010.551020
Fairclough, N., & Fairclough, I. (2018). A Procedural Approach To Ethical Critique In CDA. Critical Discourse Studies, 15(2), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2018.1427121
Fakhri, F., & Juanda, H. (2020). Analisis Foto Jurnalistik Pada Kantor Berita Agence France Presse (AFP) Tentang Penerapan Syariat Islam Di Aceh Tahun 2017. Jurnal Al-Bayan: Media Kajian Dan Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah, 26(1), 77–96. https://doi.org/10.22373/albayan.v26i1.7857
Fitri, A., & Haekal, M. (2021). Hukum Cambuk & Opini Publik: Analisis Tematik Tanggapan Netizen Terhadap Berita Pelanggaran Syariat Islam Di Akun Facebook Media Massa. Source: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 7(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.35308/source.v7i1.3285
Graham, L. J. (2011). The Product Of Text And ‘Other’statements: Discourse Analysis And The Critical Use Of Foucault. Educational Philosophy And Theory, 43(6), 663–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00698.x
Guittar, S. G., & Carter, S. K. (2014). Disciplining The Ethical Couponer: A Foucauldian Analysis Of Online Interactions. Foucault Studies, 18, 131–153. https://doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i18.4656
Hadiati, E., Abdullah, I., & Udasmoro, W. (2013). Konstruksi Media Terhadap Pemberitaan Kasus Perempuan Koruptor. Al-Ulum, 13(2), 345–372.
Harcup, T., & O’neill, D. (2017). What Is News? News Values Revisited (Again). Journalism Studies, 18(12), 1470–1488. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193
Hegarty, P., & Bruckmüller, S. (2013). Asymmetric Explanations Of Group Differences: Experimental Evidence Of Foucault’s Disciplinary Power. Social And Personality Psychology Compass, 7(3), 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12017
Human Rights Watch. (2010). Menegakkan Moralitas Pelanggaran Dalam Penerapan Syariah Di Aceh, Indonesia. New York, United States: Human Rights Watch.
Jia, S., Lansdall-Welfare, T., Sudhahar, S., Carter, C., & Cristianini, N. (2016). Women Are Seen More Than Heard In Online Newspapers. PloS One, 11(2), e0148434. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148434
Juliani, R. (2018). Pemberitaan Media Asing Mengenai Hukum Cambuk Gay Di Aceh. Source: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 3(2). 209-220, https://doi.org/10.35308/source.v4i2.920
Kristensen, K. (2013). Michel Foucault On Bio-Power And Biopolitics. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from helda.helsinki.fi website: https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/39514
Ledford, J. L. (2009). SEO: Search Engine Optimization Bible (Vol. 29). Hoboken, New Jersey, United States: Wiley
Lilja, M., & Vinthagen, S. (2014). Sovereign Power, Disciplinary Power And Biopower: Resisting What Power With What Resistance? Journal Of Political Power, 7(1), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2014.889403
Littlejohn, S. W. & Foss, K. A. (2010). Theories Of Human Communication. Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc.
Maulina, P. (2017). Pembungkaman Terhadap Perempuan Dalam Teks Pemberitaan Syariat Islam. Bidayah: Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 8(1), 120–133.
Minan, I. (2016). Relasi Media Massa Dan Dakwah Kontemporer. Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 1(2), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.22515/balagh.v1i2.349
Muktiyo, W. (2017). Menggugat Stereotif “Perempuan Sempurnaâ€: Framing Media Terhadap Perempuan Pelaku Tindak Kekerasan. Palastren Jurnal Studi Gender, 10(2), 248–272. https://doi.org/10.21043/palastren.v10i2.2610
Murtiningsih, B. S. E., Advenita, G. E. M., & Ikom, S. (2017). Representation Of Patriarchal Culture In New Media: A Case Study Of News And Advertisement On Tribunnews. Com. Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences, 8(3), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n3p143
Nasution, I. F. A. (2017). Islam Agama Teror? (Analisis Pembingkaian Berita Media Online Kompas. Com Dalam Kasus Charlie Hebdo). Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 2(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.22515/balagh.v2i1.753
Nielsen, R. K., & Schrøder, K. C. (2014). The Relative Importance Of Social Media For Accessing, Finding, And Engaging With News: An Eight-Country Cross-Media Comparison. Digital Journalism, 2(4), 472–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2013.872420
O’Donnell, B. (2016). Male And Female Murderers In Newspapers: Are They Portrayed Differently? Fields: Journal Of Huddersfield Student Research, 2(1), 45-67. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.697773212493660
Rabionet, S. E. (2011). How I Learned To Design And Conduct Semi-Structured Interviews: An Ongoing And Continuous Journey. Qualitative Report, 16(2), 563–566. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2011.1070
Satpol PP & WH Kota Banda Aceh. (2020). Penyelesaian Kasus Pelanggaran Perda/ Qanun Syariat di Kota Banda Aceh. Retrieved January 30, 2021, from data.bandaacehkota.go.id website: https://data.bandaacehkota.go.id/index.php/dataset/single/penyelesaian-kasus-pelanggaran-perda-qanun-syariat-di-kota-banda-aceh/354edfdf-133a-4d2b-b39d-f59e73e0c8a2.
Shaw, A. (2017). Encoding And Decoding Affordances: Stuart Hall And Interactive Media Technologies. Media, Culture & Society, 39(4), 592–602. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443717692741
Storey, J. (2010). Cultural Studies And The Study Of Popular Culture (3rd Ed). Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.
Tandoc, Jr., E. C., & Vos, T. P. (2016). The Journalist Is Marketing The News: Social Media In The Gatekeeping Process. Journalism Practice, 10(8), 950–966. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1087811
Willnat, L., Weaver, D. H., & Choi, J. (2013). The Global Journalist In The Twenty-First Century: A Cross-National Study Of Journalistic Competencies. Journalism Practice, 7(2), 163–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.753210
Wright, K. A. M., & Holland, J. (2014). Leadership And The Media: Gendered Framings Of Julia Gillard’s 'Sexism And Misogyny’ Speech. Australian Journal Of Political Science, 49(3), 455–468. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.929089
Ziegele, M., Weber, M., Quiring, O., & Breiner, T. (2018). The Dynamics Of Online News Discussions: Effects Of News Articles And Reader Comments On Users’ Involvement, Willingness To Participate, And The Civility Of Their Contributions. Information, Communication & Society, 21(10), 1419–1435. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1324505
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Published
Jun 12, 2021
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How to Cite
Fitri, A., & Nurrahmi, F. (2021). THE PORTRAYAL OF FEMALE CONVICTS IN THE NEWS REPORTING OF CANING EXECUTION IN ACEH. Al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 6(1), 95–130. https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v6i1.3061
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