ADOLESCENT'S PERSONAL BRANDING ON INSTAGRAM
Main Article Content
Keywords
adolescents, Instagram, personal branding
Abstract
Personal branding is an individual effort to obtain the response and perception of public audiences through social media, including Instagram. This study aimed to describe adolescents' experiences in personal branding through Instagram and the meaning of personal branding. It is qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological approach. Data were analyzed using thematic phenomenological analysis techniques to understand the themes and patterns of personal branding. Data were collected using interviews and observation methods. Five participants were obtained through purposive sampling technique with criteria: adolescents aged 18-21 years and active Instagram users (with a consistent content theme). Results show that the personal branding process is built through stages that involve determining goals, conceptualizing content, and posting content. It is essential to concept and edit content uniquely and posts consistently at the right time and the right frequency, including the highlight menu setting. Personal branding has significant and strategic meanings for adolescents: as a medium to promote competencies, expand career opportunities, and be a useful person. Essentially, it is recommended for adolescents to do personal branding as an alternative activity that supports self-development and careers using Instagram.
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References
Allison, L., Blair, J., Jung, J. H., & Boutin, Jr., P. J. (2020). The Impact And Mediating Role Of Personal Brand Authenticity On The Self-Actualization Of University Graduates Entering The Workforce. Journal For Advancement Of Marketing Education, 28(2), 1–13.
Angelika, V., & Setyanto, Y. (2019). Media Sosial Dalam Pembentukan Personal Branding. Prologia, 3(1), 274–282. https://doi.org/10.24912/pr.v3i1.6251
Belk, R. W. (2013). Extended Self In A Digital World. Journal Of Consumer Research, 40(3), 477–500. https://doi.org/10.1086/671052
Butar, C. R. B., & Ali, D. S. F. (2018). Strategi Personal Branding Selebgram Non Selebriti. PRofesi Humas: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hubungan Masyarakat, 2(2), 86–101. https://doi.org/10.24198/prh.v2i2.12029
Chen, H. (2018). College-Aged Young Consumers’ Perceptions Of Social Media Marketing: The Story Of Instagram. Journal Of Current Issues And Research In Advertising, 39(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2017.1372321
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative And Mixed Methods Approaches (4th Ed). Thousand Oaks, California, United States: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Edmiston, D. (2014). Creating A Personal Competitive Advantage By Developing A Professional Online Presence. Marketing Education Review, 24(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.2753/mer1052-8008240103
Firmansyah, R., Budiwaspada, A. E., & Sachari, A. (2017). Persepsi Visual Elemen Nilai Personal Brand Pada Media Kampanye Ridwan Kamil. Jurnal Saosioteknologi, 16(3), 288–303. https://doi.org/10.5614/sostek.itbj.2017.16.3.5
Franzia, E. (2018). Personal Branding Melalui Media Sosial. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pakar 2018 Buku II, 15–20.
Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2017). Browsing, Posting, And Liking On Instagram: The Reciprocal Relationships Between Different Types Of Instagram Use And Adolescents’ Depressed Mood. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 20(10), 603–609.
Hadi, S. (2016). Metodologi Riset. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Hendrawan, A., & Nahdiah, S. (2019). Personal Branding Analysis Of Food Blogger Cindy Lulaby Through Instagram Social Media. International Journal Of Scientific And Technology Research, 8(8), 164–168.
Hermana, M. I., & Listiani, E. (2017). Membangun Personal Branding Melalui Media Sosial Instagram. Prosiding Manajemen Komunikasi Spesia: Seminar Penelitian Sivitas Akademika UNISBA, 3(1), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.5532
Hood, K. M., Robles, M., & Hopkins, C. D. (2014). Personal Branding And Social Media For Students In Today’s Competitive Job Market. The Journal Of Research In Business Education, 56(2), 33–47.
Huang, Y.-T., & Su, S.-F. (2018). Motives For Instagram Use And Topics Of Interest Among Young Adults. Future Internet, 10(8), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi1008007
Imawati, A. V., Solihah, A. W., & Shihab, M. (2016). Analisis Personal Branding Fashion Blogger Diana Rikasari. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 5(3), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.33366/jisip.v5i3.298
Irma, A. S., & Romina. (2019). The Effect Of Technology In The Creation Of Personal Branding And Its Impact On Professional Progress. 12th Annual Conference of the EuroMed Academy of Business, 1214–1227.
Jang, J. Y., Han, K., Shih, P. C., & Lee, D. (2015). Generation Like: Comparative Characteristics In instagram. Proceedings Of the 33rd Annual CHI Conference On Human Factors In Computing Systems, April. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702555
Johnson, K. M. (2017). The Importance Of Personal Branding In Social Media: Educating Students To Create And Manage Their Personal Brand. International Journal Of Education And Social Science, 4(1), 21–27.
Jurj, A. (2019). Insta-story For Personal Branding And Product Promotion. Politehnica Graduate Student Journal Of Communication, 4(1), 43–50.
Kantar. (2020). Global Study Of 25,000 Consumers Gives Brands Clearest Direction On How To Stay Connected In A Pandemic World. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from Kantar website: https://www.kantar.com/uki/company-news/global-study-25000-consumers-gives-brands-clearest-direction-stay-connected-pandemic-world
Karaduman, İ. (2013). The Effect Of Social Media On Personal Branding Efforts Of Top Level Executives. Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences, 99, 465 – 473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.515
Kertamukti, R., Nugroho, H., & Wahyono, S. B. (2019). Konstruksi ldentitas Melalui Stories Highlight Instagram Kalangan Kelas Menengah. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 4(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v4i1.502
Kholisoh, N., & Wahyuni, D. E. (2017). Media Sosial Youtube Sebagai Sarana Membentuk Citra Diri (Studi Kasus Personal Branding Laurentius Rando). Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Komunikasi Media, 1(1), 657–667. Jakarta: Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia.
Kominfo. (2018). Angka Penggunaan Media Sosial Orang Indonesia Tinggi, Potensi Konflik Juga Amat Besar. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia website: https://kominfo.go.id/content/detail/14136/angka-penggunaan-media-sosial-orang-indonesia-tinggi-potensi-konflik-juga-amat-besar/0/sorotan_media
Latiff, Z. A., & Safiee, N. A. S. (2015). New Business Set Up for Branding Strategies On Social Media - Instagram. Procedia Computer Science, 72, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.100
Liu, R., & Suh, A. (2017). Self-Branding On Social Media: An Analysis Of Style Bloggers On Instagram. Procedia Computer Science, 124, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.12.124
Lubis, A., & Suherman, M. (2015). Personal Branding Announcer Radio Di Bandung. Prosiding Penelitian SPeSIA UNISBA 2015, 331–335. Bandung: Universitas Islam Bandung.
Marshall, P. D. (2010). The Promotion And Presentation Of The Self: Celebrity As Marker Of Presentational Media. Celebrity Studies, 1(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392390903519057
McNally, D., & Speak, K. (2010). Be Your Own Brand: Achieve More Of What You Want By Being More Of Who You Are (2nd Ed). San Francisco, California, United States: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Miles, J. G. (2013). Instagram Power: Build Your Brand And Reach More Customers With The Power Of Pictures (1st Ed). New York, New York, United States: McGraw-Hill Education.
Montoya, P., Vandehey, T., & Viti, P. (2002). The Personal Branding Phenomenon: Realize Greater Influence, Explosive Income Growth And Rapid Career Advancement By Applying The Branding Techniques Of Michael, Martha And Oprah. Scotts Valley, California, US: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Mutia, T. (2017). Generasi Milenial, Instagram Dan Dramaturgi: Suatu Fenomena Dalam Pengelolaan Kesan Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Komunikasi Islam. An-Nida’, 41(2), 240–251. https://doi.org/10.24014/an-nida.v41i2.4656
Park, J., Williams, A., & Son, S. (2020). Social Media As A Personal Branding Tool: A Qualitative Study Of Student-Athletes’ Perceptions And Behaviors. Journal Of Athlete Development And Experience, 2(1), 51–68.
Peters, T. (1997). The Brand Called You. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from Fast Company website: https://www.fastcompany.com/28905/brand-called-you
Philbrick, J. L., & Cleveland, A. D. (2015). Personal Branding: Building Your Pathway To Professional Success. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 34(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2015.1019324
Prihatiningsih, W. (2017). Motif Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram Di Kalangan Remaja. Communication, 8(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.36080/comm.v8i1.651
Rachmawati, D., & Ali, F. D. S. (2018). Analisis Kriteria Personal Branding Selebgram Non Selebriti (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Akun Instagram @Lippielust). Jurnal Komunikasi, 12(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.21107/ilkom.v12i1.3712
Raftari, M., & Amiri, B. (2014). An Entrepreneurial Business Model For Personal Branding: Proposing A Framework. Journal Of Entrepreneurship, Business, And Economics, 2(2), 121–139.
Rampersad, H. K. (2009). Authentic Personal Branding: A New Blueprint For Building And Aligning A Powerful Leadership Brand. Charlotte, North Carolina, United States: Information Age Publishing.
Riyanto, A. D. (2019). Hootsuite (We are Social): Indonesian Digital Report 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from andi.link website: https://andi.link/hootsuite-we-are-social-indonesian-digital-report-2019/
Sheldon, P., & Bryant, K. (2016). Instagram: Motives For Its Use And Relationship To Narcissism And Contextual Age. Computers In Human Behavior, 58, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.059
Sheldon, P., & Newman, M. (2019). Instagram And American Teens: Understanding Motives For Its Use And Relationship To Excessive Reassurance-Seeking And Interpersonal Rejection. The Journal Of Social Media In Society, 8(1), 1–16.
Sitanggang, H. B. N., & Dharmawan, A. (2016). Strategi Marketing Hary Tanoesoedibjo Dalam Usaha Membangun Personal Branding Politik. Jurnal Penelitian Pers Dan Komunikasi Pembangunan, 20(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.46426/jp2kp.v20i1.43
Sugiyono. (2019a). Metode Penelitian Administrasi: Dilengapi Dengan Metode R&D (2nd Ed). Bandung: Alvabeta.
Sugiyono. (2019b). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Dan R&D (2nd Ed). Bandung: Alvabeta.
Sundler, A. J., Lindberg, E., Nilsson, C., & Palmér, L. (2019). Qualitative Thematic Analysis Based On Descriptive Phenomenology. Nursing Open, 6(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.275
Susilowati. (2018). Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Tiktok Sebagai Personal Branding Di Instagram (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Pada Akun @bowo_allpennliebe). Jurnal Komunikasi, 9(2), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.31294/jkom.v9i2.4319
Syahreza, M. F., & Tanjung, I. S. (2018). Motif Dan Pola Penggunaan Media Sosial Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi UNIMED. Jurnal Interaksi, 2(1), 61–84.
Thelander, Å., & Cassinger, C. (2017). Brand New Images? Implications Of Instagram Photography For Place Branding. Media And Communication, 5(4), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v5i4.1053
Thompson-Whiteside, H., Turnbull, S., & Howe-Walsh, L. (2018). Developing An Authentic Personal Brand Using Impression Management Behaviours. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 21(2), 166–181. https://doi.org/10.1108/qmr-01-2017-0007
We Are Social & Hootsuite. (2019). Digital 2019: Indonesia. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from We Are Social & Hootsuite website: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-indonesia
Widiastuti, T. (2017). Analisis Elaboration Likelihood Model Dalam Pembentukan Personal Branding Ridwan Kamil Di Twitter. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 3(3), 588–603. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v3i3.107
Yunitasari, C., & Japarianto, E. (2013). Analisa Faktor-Faktor Pembentuk Personal Branding Dari C.Y.N. Jurnal Manajemen Pemasaran Petra, 1(1), 1–8.
Zulli, D. (2018). Capitalizing On The Look: Insights Into The Glance, Attention Economy, And Instagram. Critical Studies In Media Communication, 35(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2017.1394582
Angelika, V., & Setyanto, Y. (2019). Media Sosial Dalam Pembentukan Personal Branding. Prologia, 3(1), 274–282. https://doi.org/10.24912/pr.v3i1.6251
Belk, R. W. (2013). Extended Self In A Digital World. Journal Of Consumer Research, 40(3), 477–500. https://doi.org/10.1086/671052
Butar, C. R. B., & Ali, D. S. F. (2018). Strategi Personal Branding Selebgram Non Selebriti. PRofesi Humas: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hubungan Masyarakat, 2(2), 86–101. https://doi.org/10.24198/prh.v2i2.12029
Chen, H. (2018). College-Aged Young Consumers’ Perceptions Of Social Media Marketing: The Story Of Instagram. Journal Of Current Issues And Research In Advertising, 39(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2017.1372321
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative And Mixed Methods Approaches (4th Ed). Thousand Oaks, California, United States: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Edmiston, D. (2014). Creating A Personal Competitive Advantage By Developing A Professional Online Presence. Marketing Education Review, 24(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.2753/mer1052-8008240103
Firmansyah, R., Budiwaspada, A. E., & Sachari, A. (2017). Persepsi Visual Elemen Nilai Personal Brand Pada Media Kampanye Ridwan Kamil. Jurnal Saosioteknologi, 16(3), 288–303. https://doi.org/10.5614/sostek.itbj.2017.16.3.5
Franzia, E. (2018). Personal Branding Melalui Media Sosial. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pakar 2018 Buku II, 15–20.
Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2017). Browsing, Posting, And Liking On Instagram: The Reciprocal Relationships Between Different Types Of Instagram Use And Adolescents’ Depressed Mood. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 20(10), 603–609.
Hadi, S. (2016). Metodologi Riset. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Hendrawan, A., & Nahdiah, S. (2019). Personal Branding Analysis Of Food Blogger Cindy Lulaby Through Instagram Social Media. International Journal Of Scientific And Technology Research, 8(8), 164–168.
Hermana, M. I., & Listiani, E. (2017). Membangun Personal Branding Melalui Media Sosial Instagram. Prosiding Manajemen Komunikasi Spesia: Seminar Penelitian Sivitas Akademika UNISBA, 3(1), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.5532
Hood, K. M., Robles, M., & Hopkins, C. D. (2014). Personal Branding And Social Media For Students In Today’s Competitive Job Market. The Journal Of Research In Business Education, 56(2), 33–47.
Huang, Y.-T., & Su, S.-F. (2018). Motives For Instagram Use And Topics Of Interest Among Young Adults. Future Internet, 10(8), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi1008007
Imawati, A. V., Solihah, A. W., & Shihab, M. (2016). Analisis Personal Branding Fashion Blogger Diana Rikasari. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 5(3), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.33366/jisip.v5i3.298
Irma, A. S., & Romina. (2019). The Effect Of Technology In The Creation Of Personal Branding And Its Impact On Professional Progress. 12th Annual Conference of the EuroMed Academy of Business, 1214–1227.
Jang, J. Y., Han, K., Shih, P. C., & Lee, D. (2015). Generation Like: Comparative Characteristics In instagram. Proceedings Of the 33rd Annual CHI Conference On Human Factors In Computing Systems, April. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702555
Johnson, K. M. (2017). The Importance Of Personal Branding In Social Media: Educating Students To Create And Manage Their Personal Brand. International Journal Of Education And Social Science, 4(1), 21–27.
Jurj, A. (2019). Insta-story For Personal Branding And Product Promotion. Politehnica Graduate Student Journal Of Communication, 4(1), 43–50.
Kantar. (2020). Global Study Of 25,000 Consumers Gives Brands Clearest Direction On How To Stay Connected In A Pandemic World. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from Kantar website: https://www.kantar.com/uki/company-news/global-study-25000-consumers-gives-brands-clearest-direction-stay-connected-pandemic-world
Karaduman, İ. (2013). The Effect Of Social Media On Personal Branding Efforts Of Top Level Executives. Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences, 99, 465 – 473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.515
Kertamukti, R., Nugroho, H., & Wahyono, S. B. (2019). Konstruksi ldentitas Melalui Stories Highlight Instagram Kalangan Kelas Menengah. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 4(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v4i1.502
Kholisoh, N., & Wahyuni, D. E. (2017). Media Sosial Youtube Sebagai Sarana Membentuk Citra Diri (Studi Kasus Personal Branding Laurentius Rando). Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Komunikasi Media, 1(1), 657–667. Jakarta: Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia.
Kominfo. (2018). Angka Penggunaan Media Sosial Orang Indonesia Tinggi, Potensi Konflik Juga Amat Besar. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia website: https://kominfo.go.id/content/detail/14136/angka-penggunaan-media-sosial-orang-indonesia-tinggi-potensi-konflik-juga-amat-besar/0/sorotan_media
Latiff, Z. A., & Safiee, N. A. S. (2015). New Business Set Up for Branding Strategies On Social Media - Instagram. Procedia Computer Science, 72, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.100
Liu, R., & Suh, A. (2017). Self-Branding On Social Media: An Analysis Of Style Bloggers On Instagram. Procedia Computer Science, 124, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.12.124
Lubis, A., & Suherman, M. (2015). Personal Branding Announcer Radio Di Bandung. Prosiding Penelitian SPeSIA UNISBA 2015, 331–335. Bandung: Universitas Islam Bandung.
Marshall, P. D. (2010). The Promotion And Presentation Of The Self: Celebrity As Marker Of Presentational Media. Celebrity Studies, 1(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392390903519057
McNally, D., & Speak, K. (2010). Be Your Own Brand: Achieve More Of What You Want By Being More Of Who You Are (2nd Ed). San Francisco, California, United States: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Miles, J. G. (2013). Instagram Power: Build Your Brand And Reach More Customers With The Power Of Pictures (1st Ed). New York, New York, United States: McGraw-Hill Education.
Montoya, P., Vandehey, T., & Viti, P. (2002). The Personal Branding Phenomenon: Realize Greater Influence, Explosive Income Growth And Rapid Career Advancement By Applying The Branding Techniques Of Michael, Martha And Oprah. Scotts Valley, California, US: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Mutia, T. (2017). Generasi Milenial, Instagram Dan Dramaturgi: Suatu Fenomena Dalam Pengelolaan Kesan Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Komunikasi Islam. An-Nida’, 41(2), 240–251. https://doi.org/10.24014/an-nida.v41i2.4656
Park, J., Williams, A., & Son, S. (2020). Social Media As A Personal Branding Tool: A Qualitative Study Of Student-Athletes’ Perceptions And Behaviors. Journal Of Athlete Development And Experience, 2(1), 51–68.
Peters, T. (1997). The Brand Called You. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from Fast Company website: https://www.fastcompany.com/28905/brand-called-you
Philbrick, J. L., & Cleveland, A. D. (2015). Personal Branding: Building Your Pathway To Professional Success. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 34(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2015.1019324
Prihatiningsih, W. (2017). Motif Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram Di Kalangan Remaja. Communication, 8(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.36080/comm.v8i1.651
Rachmawati, D., & Ali, F. D. S. (2018). Analisis Kriteria Personal Branding Selebgram Non Selebriti (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Akun Instagram @Lippielust). Jurnal Komunikasi, 12(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.21107/ilkom.v12i1.3712
Raftari, M., & Amiri, B. (2014). An Entrepreneurial Business Model For Personal Branding: Proposing A Framework. Journal Of Entrepreneurship, Business, And Economics, 2(2), 121–139.
Rampersad, H. K. (2009). Authentic Personal Branding: A New Blueprint For Building And Aligning A Powerful Leadership Brand. Charlotte, North Carolina, United States: Information Age Publishing.
Riyanto, A. D. (2019). Hootsuite (We are Social): Indonesian Digital Report 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from andi.link website: https://andi.link/hootsuite-we-are-social-indonesian-digital-report-2019/
Sheldon, P., & Bryant, K. (2016). Instagram: Motives For Its Use And Relationship To Narcissism And Contextual Age. Computers In Human Behavior, 58, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.059
Sheldon, P., & Newman, M. (2019). Instagram And American Teens: Understanding Motives For Its Use And Relationship To Excessive Reassurance-Seeking And Interpersonal Rejection. The Journal Of Social Media In Society, 8(1), 1–16.
Sitanggang, H. B. N., & Dharmawan, A. (2016). Strategi Marketing Hary Tanoesoedibjo Dalam Usaha Membangun Personal Branding Politik. Jurnal Penelitian Pers Dan Komunikasi Pembangunan, 20(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.46426/jp2kp.v20i1.43
Sugiyono. (2019a). Metode Penelitian Administrasi: Dilengapi Dengan Metode R&D (2nd Ed). Bandung: Alvabeta.
Sugiyono. (2019b). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Dan R&D (2nd Ed). Bandung: Alvabeta.
Sundler, A. J., Lindberg, E., Nilsson, C., & Palmér, L. (2019). Qualitative Thematic Analysis Based On Descriptive Phenomenology. Nursing Open, 6(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.275
Susilowati. (2018). Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Tiktok Sebagai Personal Branding Di Instagram (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Pada Akun @bowo_allpennliebe). Jurnal Komunikasi, 9(2), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.31294/jkom.v9i2.4319
Syahreza, M. F., & Tanjung, I. S. (2018). Motif Dan Pola Penggunaan Media Sosial Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi UNIMED. Jurnal Interaksi, 2(1), 61–84.
Thelander, Å., & Cassinger, C. (2017). Brand New Images? Implications Of Instagram Photography For Place Branding. Media And Communication, 5(4), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v5i4.1053
Thompson-Whiteside, H., Turnbull, S., & Howe-Walsh, L. (2018). Developing An Authentic Personal Brand Using Impression Management Behaviours. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 21(2), 166–181. https://doi.org/10.1108/qmr-01-2017-0007
We Are Social & Hootsuite. (2019). Digital 2019: Indonesia. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from We Are Social & Hootsuite website: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-indonesia
Widiastuti, T. (2017). Analisis Elaboration Likelihood Model Dalam Pembentukan Personal Branding Ridwan Kamil Di Twitter. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 3(3), 588–603. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v3i3.107
Yunitasari, C., & Japarianto, E. (2013). Analisa Faktor-Faktor Pembentuk Personal Branding Dari C.Y.N. Jurnal Manajemen Pemasaran Petra, 1(1), 1–8.
Zulli, D. (2018). Capitalizing On The Look: Insights Into The Glance, Attention Economy, And Instagram. Critical Studies In Media Communication, 35(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2017.1394582
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