CONTROVERSIAL BEHAVIOR OF POLITICAL ELITES IN INDONESIA DURING THE COVID-19
Main Article Content
Keywords
Covid-19, political communication, political elites, social media
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic, which has accounted for remarkable casualties in Indonesia, did not seem to make political elites more empathetic. The study aims to reveal how the mythology of the political elites behind the criticism of Instagram accounts @GejayanMemanggil. To fulfill this goal, we employed Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis of nine contents of @GejayanMemanggil. This study has revealed five major results. First, the mythology of the political elite is represented as the 'ancilus' of oligarchic interests during the Covid-19 pandemic. Second, political elites and oligarchs have superior positions to control society and health workers. Third, the political elites' policies focus more on economic recovery than the people’s safety. Fourth, @GejayanMemanggil Instagram account narrates the mythology of political elites who have no sensitivity towards people’s hardship because they exploit their positions and facilities as public officials. Finally, political elites show that they do not empathize with the suffering of the people during the Covid-19 pandemic.
References
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Asrinaldi, Yusoff, M. A., & Karim, Z. A. (2021). Oligarchy In The Jokowi Government And Its Influence On The Implementation Of Legislative Function In Indonesia. Asian Journal Of Comparative Politics, 7(2), 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057891121995564
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Audinovic, V., & Nugroho, R. S. (2021). Comics As Social Media Criticism Of Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement Due To Covid-19 In Indonesia. Muharrik: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Sosial, 4(02), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.37680/muharrik.v4i02.1041
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Berger, P. L., & Luckman, T. (1966). The Social Construction Of Reality (1st Edit). New York, United States: Penguin Books.
Bodrunova, S. S. (2021). Social Media And Political Dissent In Russia And Belarus: An Introduction To The Special Issue. Social Media And Society, 7(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211063470
Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods (4th Ed.). London, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Capri, W., Cahyati, D. D., Hasanah, M., Prasongko, D., & Prasetyo, W. (2021). Kajian Korupsi Sebagai Proses Sosial: Melacak Korupsi Di Sektor Sumber Daya Alam Di Indonesia. INTEGRITAS, 7(1), 121–142. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v7i1.730
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Eriyanto. (2011). Analisis Framing: Konstruksi, Ideologi, Dan Politik Media. Yogyakarta: LKiS.
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Hidayah, Y., Trihastuti, M., Romlah, O. Y., Adha, M. M., & Ulfah, R. A. (2020). #Gejayanmemanggil As Social Communication Of Student Movement In Yogyakarta, Indonesia (Descriptive Study On The Use Of #Gejayanmember On Twitter From September 22-24, 2019). Journal Of Education, Psychology And Counseling, 3(1), 234–245.
Hoed, B. (2014). Semiotik & Dinamika Sosial Budaya (2nd Ed.). Depok: Komunitas Bambu.
Indrawan, J., Efriza, & Ilmar, A. (2020). Kehadiran Media Baru (New Media) Dalam Proses Komunikasi Politik. Medium: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Riau, 8(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.25299/medium.2020.vol8(1).4820
Irham, M. (2020). Covid-19: Kritik Penanganan Pandemi Lewat Wayang Botol, “Bisa Membuat Tersenyum Sekaligus Malu.” Retrieved January 6, 2022, from bbc.com website: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-53966065
Jakubowski, J. (2021). Political Socialization In Meme Times: Adolescents And The Sources Of Knowledge Concerning Politics. Review Of Education, Pedagogy, And Cultural Studies, 43(3), 254–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714413.2021.1872315
Kannabiran, K., Hollstein, B., & Hoffmann, F. (2022). Discourses On Corruption: Interdisciplinary And Intercultural Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, California, United States: Sage Publications.
Larsson, A. O. (2021). The Rise Of Instagram As A Tool For Political Communication: A Longitudinal Study Of European Political Parties And Their Followers. New Media And Society, 00(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211034158
MacDonald, S. (2021). What Do You (Really) Meme? Pandemic Memes As Social Political Repositories. Leisure Sciences, 43(1–2), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1773995
Mcloughlin, L. D. G. (2019). How Social Media Is Changing Political Representation In The United Kingdom. Doctoral Dissertation (Unpublished). Salford, United Kingdom: University Of Salford.
Muhyiddin. (2020). Covid-19, New Normal Dan Perencanaan Pembangunan Di Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal Of Development Planning, 4(2), 240–252. https://doi.org /10.36574/jpp.v4i2.118
Munawarah, Mayong, & Saguni, S. S. (2021). Myths Of State Officials And People’s In Indonesian Political Meme On Instagram (Roland Barthes Semiotics Review). HUMAN: South Asean Journal Of Social Studies, 1(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.26858/human.v1i2.21454
Murru, M. F., & Vicari, S. (2021). Memetising The Pandemic: Memes, Covid-19 Mundanity And Political Cultures. Information, Communication & Society, 24(16), 2422–2441. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1974518
Nasution, R. R. (2021). From The Tweets To Street: The Production Of #GejayanMemanggil Movement Discourses And Frames. ETTISAL: Journal Of Communication, 6(2), 64–80. https://doi.org/10.21111/ejoc.v6i1.7013
Neuman, W. L., & Robson, K. (2018). Basics Of Social Research: Qualitative And Quantitative Approaches. Canada: Pearson Canada Inc.
Nofrima, S., Nurmandi, A., Kusuma Dewi, D., & Salahudin, S. (2020). Cyber-Activism On The Dissemination Of #Gejayanmemanggil: Yogyakarta’s Student Movement. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal Of Communications Studies), 4(1), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v4i1.2091
Prianti, D. D. (2018). Towards The Westernized Body: A Popular Narrative Reinforced By Men’s Lifestyle Magazines In Indonesia. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 19(1), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2018.1422351
Rahman, F., Baidhowi, A., Ruth, D., & Sembiring, A. (2018). Pola Jaringan Korupsi Di Tingkat Pemerintah Desa (Studi Kasus Korupsi DD Dan ADD Tahun 2014-2015 Di Jawa Timur). Integritas, 4(1), 30–56.
Riana, F., & Persada, S. (2021). Kritik Untuk Jokowi Dalam Tangani Pandemi, Bermain Istilah Sampai Minim Rencana. Retrieved February 6, 2022, from tempo.co website: https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1428508/kritik-untuk-jokowi-dalam-tangani-pandemi-bermain-istilah-sampai-minim-rencana
Rogers, R., & Niederer, S. (2020). The Politics Of Social Media Manipulation. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
Scudder, M. F. (2016). Beyond Empathy: Strategies And Ideals Of Democratic Deliberation. Polity, 48(4), 524–550. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41279-016-0001-9
Sobur, A. (2020). Semiotika Komunikasi. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Sujoko, A., Haboddin, M., & Afala, L. O. M. (2022). Anies Baswedan’s Rhetoric Amid Political Polarization For Covid-19 Handling In Jakarta, Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal Of Communication, 38(3), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2022-3803-04
Sujoko, A., Saintio, F. A., & Wahyudi, D. (2021). Identitas Keindonesiaan Dalam Pidato Soekarno Pada 1 Juni 1945. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 19(2), 188-204. https://doi.org/10.31315/jik.v19i2.4609
Suryani, D., Izzati, F. F., Syafi’i, I., Yuhsina, P. A., & Satriani, S. (2021). Kemunduran Demokrasi Tata Kelola SDA: Penguatan Oligarki Dan Pelemahan Partisipasi Civil Society. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 18(2), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v18i2.1032
VanDijk, T. A. (1995). Power And The News Media. In D. Pallets (Ed.), Political Communication And Action (pp. 9–36). New York, United States: Hampton Press.
Winters, J. A. (2013). Oligarchy And Democracy In Indonesia. Indonesia, 96, 11–33. https://doi.org/10.5728/indonesia.96.0099
Antoni. (2013). Hubungan Saling Mengunci Sebagai Bentuk Komunikasi Korupsi (Studi Jaringan Komunikasi Interlocking Directorate Dalam Kasus Korupsi Sebagai Bentuk Komunikasi Korupsi). Doctoral Dissertation. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.
Ardiyanto, E. (2021). Political Communications In The Public Sphere Student Protest In Indonesia 2019-2020. Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia, 6(2), 229–241. https://doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v6i2.589
Arianto, B. (2021). Media Sosial Sebagai Saluran Aspirasi Kewargaan: Studi Pembahasan RUU Cipta Kerja. Jurnal PIKMA: Publikasi Media Dan Cinema, 3(2), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.24076/pikma.v3i2.469
Asrinaldi, Yusoff, M. A., & Karim, Z. A. (2021). Oligarchy In The Jokowi Government And Its Influence On The Implementation Of Legislative Function In Indonesia. Asian Journal Of Comparative Politics, 7(2), 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057891121995564
Astuti, P. I., Arumi, S., Pratiwi, V. U., & Suryono, J. (2019). Analisis Implikatur Dalam Wacana Meme Politik Pada Akun Instagram Article Information. KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 13(2), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v13.i1.1998
Audinovic, V., & Nugroho, R. S. (2021). Comics As Social Media Criticism Of Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement Due To Covid-19 In Indonesia. Muharrik: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Sosial, 4(02), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.37680/muharrik.v4i02.1041
BBC Indonesia. (2020). Mensos Juliari Batubara Jadi Tersangka Korupsi Bansos Covid-19, Ancaman Hukuman Mati Bakal Menanti? Retrieved January 6, 2022, from bbc.com website: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-55204360
Berger, P. L., & Luckman, T. (1966). The Social Construction Of Reality (1st Edit). New York, United States: Penguin Books.
Bodrunova, S. S. (2021). Social Media And Political Dissent In Russia And Belarus: An Introduction To The Special Issue. Social Media And Society, 7(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211063470
Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods (4th Ed.). London, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Capri, W., Cahyati, D. D., Hasanah, M., Prasongko, D., & Prasetyo, W. (2021). Kajian Korupsi Sebagai Proses Sosial: Melacak Korupsi Di Sektor Sumber Daya Alam Di Indonesia. INTEGRITAS, 7(1), 121–142. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v7i1.730
Chistyakov, D. (2020). Media Construction Of Social Reality And Communication Impact On An Individual. International Conference On Contemporary Education, Social Sciencesand Humanities - Philosophy Of Being Human As The Core Of Interdisciplinary Research, 141–144.
CNN Indonesia. (2020). #MosiTidakPercaya & Musim Semi Oposisi Di Masa Pandemi. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from CNN Indonesia website: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20201209082310-32-579712/mositidakpercaya-musim-semi-oposisi-di-masa-pandemi
Eriyanto. (2011). Analisis Framing: Konstruksi, Ideologi, Dan Politik Media. Yogyakarta: LKiS.
Fatanti, M. N., & Prabawangi, R. P. (2021). Meme Politik Dalam Ruang Wacana Komunikasi Politik Di Indonesia. Diakom : Jurnal Media Dan Komunikasi, 4(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.17933/diakom.v4i2.253
Febriani, A., Istanti, J., & Wibowo, P. (2021). Teori Oligarki Winters Atas Penambangan Batubara Di Kalimantan Timur (Relasi Pengusaha Menjadi Penguasa). JISIP-UNJA, 5(1), 72–82.
Hidayah, Y., Trihastuti, M., Romlah, O. Y., Adha, M. M., & Ulfah, R. A. (2020). #Gejayanmemanggil As Social Communication Of Student Movement In Yogyakarta, Indonesia (Descriptive Study On The Use Of #Gejayanmember On Twitter From September 22-24, 2019). Journal Of Education, Psychology And Counseling, 3(1), 234–245.
Hoed, B. (2014). Semiotik & Dinamika Sosial Budaya (2nd Ed.). Depok: Komunitas Bambu.
Indrawan, J., Efriza, & Ilmar, A. (2020). Kehadiran Media Baru (New Media) Dalam Proses Komunikasi Politik. Medium: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Riau, 8(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.25299/medium.2020.vol8(1).4820
Irham, M. (2020). Covid-19: Kritik Penanganan Pandemi Lewat Wayang Botol, “Bisa Membuat Tersenyum Sekaligus Malu.” Retrieved January 6, 2022, from bbc.com website: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-53966065
Jakubowski, J. (2021). Political Socialization In Meme Times: Adolescents And The Sources Of Knowledge Concerning Politics. Review Of Education, Pedagogy, And Cultural Studies, 43(3), 254–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714413.2021.1872315
Kannabiran, K., Hollstein, B., & Hoffmann, F. (2022). Discourses On Corruption: Interdisciplinary And Intercultural Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, California, United States: Sage Publications.
Larsson, A. O. (2021). The Rise Of Instagram As A Tool For Political Communication: A Longitudinal Study Of European Political Parties And Their Followers. New Media And Society, 00(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211034158
MacDonald, S. (2021). What Do You (Really) Meme? Pandemic Memes As Social Political Repositories. Leisure Sciences, 43(1–2), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1773995
Mcloughlin, L. D. G. (2019). How Social Media Is Changing Political Representation In The United Kingdom. Doctoral Dissertation (Unpublished). Salford, United Kingdom: University Of Salford.
Muhyiddin. (2020). Covid-19, New Normal Dan Perencanaan Pembangunan Di Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal Of Development Planning, 4(2), 240–252. https://doi.org /10.36574/jpp.v4i2.118
Munawarah, Mayong, & Saguni, S. S. (2021). Myths Of State Officials And People’s In Indonesian Political Meme On Instagram (Roland Barthes Semiotics Review). HUMAN: South Asean Journal Of Social Studies, 1(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.26858/human.v1i2.21454
Murru, M. F., & Vicari, S. (2021). Memetising The Pandemic: Memes, Covid-19 Mundanity And Political Cultures. Information, Communication & Society, 24(16), 2422–2441. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1974518
Nasution, R. R. (2021). From The Tweets To Street: The Production Of #GejayanMemanggil Movement Discourses And Frames. ETTISAL: Journal Of Communication, 6(2), 64–80. https://doi.org/10.21111/ejoc.v6i1.7013
Neuman, W. L., & Robson, K. (2018). Basics Of Social Research: Qualitative And Quantitative Approaches. Canada: Pearson Canada Inc.
Nofrima, S., Nurmandi, A., Kusuma Dewi, D., & Salahudin, S. (2020). Cyber-Activism On The Dissemination Of #Gejayanmemanggil: Yogyakarta’s Student Movement. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal Of Communications Studies), 4(1), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v4i1.2091
Prianti, D. D. (2018). Towards The Westernized Body: A Popular Narrative Reinforced By Men’s Lifestyle Magazines In Indonesia. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 19(1), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2018.1422351
Rahman, F., Baidhowi, A., Ruth, D., & Sembiring, A. (2018). Pola Jaringan Korupsi Di Tingkat Pemerintah Desa (Studi Kasus Korupsi DD Dan ADD Tahun 2014-2015 Di Jawa Timur). Integritas, 4(1), 30–56.
Riana, F., & Persada, S. (2021). Kritik Untuk Jokowi Dalam Tangani Pandemi, Bermain Istilah Sampai Minim Rencana. Retrieved February 6, 2022, from tempo.co website: https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1428508/kritik-untuk-jokowi-dalam-tangani-pandemi-bermain-istilah-sampai-minim-rencana
Rogers, R., & Niederer, S. (2020). The Politics Of Social Media Manipulation. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
Scudder, M. F. (2016). Beyond Empathy: Strategies And Ideals Of Democratic Deliberation. Polity, 48(4), 524–550. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41279-016-0001-9
Sobur, A. (2020). Semiotika Komunikasi. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Sujoko, A., Haboddin, M., & Afala, L. O. M. (2022). Anies Baswedan’s Rhetoric Amid Political Polarization For Covid-19 Handling In Jakarta, Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal Of Communication, 38(3), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2022-3803-04
Sujoko, A., Saintio, F. A., & Wahyudi, D. (2021). Identitas Keindonesiaan Dalam Pidato Soekarno Pada 1 Juni 1945. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 19(2), 188-204. https://doi.org/10.31315/jik.v19i2.4609
Suryani, D., Izzati, F. F., Syafi’i, I., Yuhsina, P. A., & Satriani, S. (2021). Kemunduran Demokrasi Tata Kelola SDA: Penguatan Oligarki Dan Pelemahan Partisipasi Civil Society. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 18(2), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v18i2.1032
VanDijk, T. A. (1995). Power And The News Media. In D. Pallets (Ed.), Political Communication And Action (pp. 9–36). New York, United States: Hampton Press.
Winters, J. A. (2013). Oligarchy And Democracy In Indonesia. Indonesia, 96, 11–33. https://doi.org/10.5728/indonesia.96.0099
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Published
Dec 26, 2022
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Sujoko, A., Khatimah, K., Masyitah, A. D., & Wahyudi, D. (2022). CONTROVERSIAL BEHAVIOR OF POLITICAL ELITES IN INDONESIA DURING THE COVID-19. Al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 7(2), 275–306. https://doi.org/10.22515/albalagh.v7i2.5466
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