THE DYNAMICS OF AGENT-STRUCTURE IN RITUAL COMMUNICATION OF THE SACRED GRAVE PILGRIMAGE
Main Article Content
Keywords
ritual communications, sacred grave, social agent
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the agent-structure relationship that occurs from the phenomenon of sacred grave pilgrimage in Dewi Sekardadu, Sidoarjo through the structuration theory by Anthony Giddens’s perspective as well as ritual communication studies. The type of this research is qualitative with ethnographic methods. This research uses a multi-site ethnographic method, namely by comparing historical facts at all Dewi Sekardadu’s sacred graves spread across four cities involving Sidoarjo, Gresik, Lamongan and Banyuwangi. The key informants were door-keepers, grave caretakers, community leaders, pilgrims and businessmen. The research data was collected by direct observation and participant observation, in-depth interviews and documentations. Then obtained data was analyzed using structuration theory and ritual communication studies. The result of this research had theoretical implications that support and reject Gidden’s sight. First, the proficient agents in Kepetingan have succeeded in changing the stigma of Kepetingan from a criminal area to a religious area through the development of folklore and ritual communication practices. Second, Giddens does not assume any clustering of agents of society for instance the caretaker cluster which has dominance on national scale but not in society, because the appointment process is considered less sacred. Third, Nyadran community structure occurred among indigenous fisherman from Bluru Kidul and Balongdowo which created to the grave pilgrims community structure in Kepetingan which was inhabited by urban fisherman from Gresik dan Lamongan regency.
References
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Correia, J. C. (2017). Communication And Humanities : A Post-Conventional Approach. Estudos Em Comunicação, 2(25), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.20287/ec.n25.v2.a10
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de Graaf, H. J. (1949). Geschiedenis Van Indonesie. Bandung: Gravenhage.
de Graaf, H. J., & Pigeaud, T. G. T. (1985). Kerajaan-Kerajaan Islam Di Jawa: Peralihan Dari Majapahit Ke Mataram. Jakarta: Grafiti Pers.
Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & (Author), L. L. S. (2011). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes (2nd Ed). Chicago, Illinois, United States: University Of Chicago Press.
Endraswara, S. (2013). Falsafah Kepemimpinan Jawa. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Narasi.
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1965). Theories Of Primitive Religion. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
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Herwiratno, M. (2007). Kelenteng: Benteng Terakhir Dan Titik Awal Perkembangan Kebudayaan Tionghoa Di Indonesia. Lingua Cultura, 1(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v1i1.264
Ibda, H. (2018). Penguatan Nilai-Nilai Sufisme Dalam Nyadran Sebagai Khazanah Islam Nusantara. Jurnal Islam Nusantara, 2(2), 148–161. https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalin.v2i2.92
Informant JW (Initial). (2023). Interview With The Caretaker Of Dewi Sekardadu Gebang’s Grave. Sidoarjo.
Informant KM (Initial). (2018). Religious Lecture During Dewi Sekardadu’s Haul. Sidoarjo.
Informant SM (Initial). (2020). Interviewed With Pilgrim. Sidoarjo.
Jayadi, S., & Rahmawati, R. (2020). Sasak Community’s Communicative Act In Ngelukar And Ngilahan Kaoq Rite In Lombok. Al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 5(2), 295–312. https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v5i2.2481
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Lufaefi, L. (2018). Reaktualisasi Dakwah Wali Songo: Gerak Dakwah KH Said Aqil Siroj dalam Menebar Islam Rahmatal Lil Alamin. Aqlam: Journal Of Islam And Plurality, 3(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v3i1.635
Malik, A., & Putri, L. D. (2023). Panjang Mulud Traditions As A Medium of Social Communication. Al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 8(1), 73–104. https://doi.org/10.22515/albalagh.v8i1.6120
Margana, S., Athoillah, A., Dwicahyono, S., Pratiwi, Y. W., & Asyrafi, M. (2021). Sejarah Kebudayaan Maritim Mataram, 1600-1755. Yogyakarta: Dinas Kebudayaan Daerah istimewa Yogyakarta.
Monika, D., Mindani, & Mastofa, S. (2022). Persepsi Pada Makam Keramat Puyang Sinuman Terhadap Pendidikan Aqidah Islam Masyarakat Di Desa Datar Lebar II Kecamatan Lungkang Kule. Jurnal Pendidikan Tematik, 1(3), 318–327.
Muttaqin, M., & Fitriansyah, A. F. (2022). Problem Tauhid Dalam Ritual Nyadran, Sidoarjo: Perspektif Fakhrudin Ar-Razi. Islamika : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 22(2), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.32939/islamika.v22i2.1492
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Noor, A. (2017). Pasang Surut Perniagaan Nusantara. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.
Noviyanti, L. E. (2013). Perkembangan Makam Sayyid Jumadil Kubro Sebagai Obyek Wisata Religi Pada Tahun 2002-2012 Di Desa Sentonorejo Kecamatan Trowulan Kabupaten Mojokerto. Avatara, 1(3), 584–591.
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Robbins, J. (2010). Ritual Communication And Linguistic Ideology: A Reading And Partial Reformulation Of Rappaport’s Theory Of Ritual. In J. S. Pamela & A. Strathern (Eds.), Ritual. Milton Park, Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire United Kingdom: Routledge.
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Saepuloh, A. (2019). Tradisi Upacara Adat Buang Jong Dalam Konteks Budaya Masa Kini. Panggung: Jurnal Seni Budaya, 29(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.26742/panggung.v29i1.810
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Sidoarjo, D. K. (2018). Selayang Pandang Kabupaten Sidoarjo 2018. Sidoarjo: Diskominfo Kabupaten Sidoarjo.
Soer, G. (1875, September). Samarang Maanstand. De Locomotief, p. 2.
Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York, New York, United States: Holt Rinehart & Winston.
Stortenbeker, W., & Groeneveldt, W. P. (1876). Tijdschrift Voor Indische Tall Land En Volkenkunde. Batavia: Bruining & Wijt.
Sungkowati, Y., Mashuri, Asmara, A., Izzak, A., Turaeni, N. N. T., Sukmawati, D. L., … Ummatin, K. (2011). Antologi Cerita Rakyat Jawa Timur (1st ed.; S. Kasiyun & T. Winasih, Eds.). Sidoarjo: Balai Bahasa Surabaya.
Sunyoto, A. (2016). Atlas Wali Songo. Bandung: Mizan Media Utama.
Topographisch, B. (1892). Sidoardjo: Bijgewerkt tot Maart 1892.
Tsing, A. L. (1993). In The Realm Of The Diamond Queen: Marginality In An Out-Of-The-Way Place. Princeton, New Jersey, United States: Princeton University Press.
Tucher, A. (2007). Communication, Community, Reality, Ritual, And The “Potato Hole” Woodson. Journal Of Communication Inquiry, 31(4), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859907305164
Turner, V. (2001). From Ritual To Theater: The Human Seriousness Of Play. New York, New York, United States: PAJ Publications Book.
Wain, A. (2019). Southeast Asia’s Forgotten Female Muslim Rulers. ICR Journal, 10(1), 121–123. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v10i1.77
Warasati. (2007). Perilaku Sosial Keagamaan Peziarah Makam Wali Di Gunung Kawi Desa Wonosari Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Malang. Thesis Undergraduate (Unpublished).
Widodo, D. I., Muhlas, Masyhudi, Soekarman, Wandametini, Mahsum, M., … Zaki, R. (2004). Grisse Tempo Doeloe. Gresik: Pemerintah Kabupaten Gresik.
Woodward, M. (2011). Java, Indonesia And Islam. London And New York: Springer.
Yuanzhi, K. (2015). Cheng Ho Muslim Tionghoa (H. M. H. Wijayakusuma, Ed.). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Aini, R., & Hamdi, S. (2021). Tradisi Pengobatan Di Makam Yok Di Dasan Lekong, Lombok Timur. Mataram: PULHAM Media.
Asad, T. (1993). Genealogis Of Religion: Disciplines And Reasons Of Power In Christianity And Islam. Baltimore, Maryland, United States: The John Hopkins University Press.
Atmojo, B. S. W. (2016). Situs-Situs Keagamaan Di Kalimantan. Naditira Widya, 6(1), 52–64. https://doi.org/10.24832/nw.v6i1.83
Banjoemas, R. (1906). Onderzoek Naar De Mindere Welvaart Der Inlandsche Bevolking Op Java En Madoera. Batavia: G. Kolff & Co.
Blue, G. (2018). Science Communication Is Culture: Foregrounding Ritual In The Public Communication Of Science. Science Communication, 41(2), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547018816456
Brandes, J. L. A. (1920). Pararaton (Ken Arok) Het Boek Der Koningen Van Tumapel En Van Majapahit. Batavia: Albrecht & Co.
Brooshooft, P. (1894, August). Verspride Indische Berichten. De Locomotief, p. 3.
Carey, J. W. (2008). Communication As Culture: Essays On Media And Society. Milton Park, Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire United Kingdom: Routledge.
Chambert-Loir, H., & Guillot, C. (2007). Ziarah Dan Wali Di Dunia Islam (H. Chambert-Loir & C. Guillot, Eds.). Jakarta: Serambi.
Correia, J. C. (2017). Communication And Humanities : A Post-Conventional Approach. Estudos Em Comunicação, 2(25), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.20287/ec.n25.v2.a10
Craib, I. (1992). Anthony Giddens. Milton Park, Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England, UK: Routledge.
de Graaf, H. J. (1949). Geschiedenis Van Indonesie. Bandung: Gravenhage.
de Graaf, H. J., & Pigeaud, T. G. T. (1985). Kerajaan-Kerajaan Islam Di Jawa: Peralihan Dari Majapahit Ke Mataram. Jakarta: Grafiti Pers.
Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & (Author), L. L. S. (2011). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes (2nd Ed). Chicago, Illinois, United States: University Of Chicago Press.
Endraswara, S. (2013). Falsafah Kepemimpinan Jawa. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Narasi.
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1965). Theories Of Primitive Religion. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Fuadi, M. A. (2021). Genealogi Walisongo Dalam Kitab Ulama Nusantara: Studi Komparatif Kitab Tarikh Al-Aulia’ Dengan Ahla Al-Musamarah. Jurnal Islam Nusantara, 5(1), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalin.v5i1.267
Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies In Ethnomethodology. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press.
Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation Of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York, New York, United States: Basic Books Inc.
Geoffroy, E. (2007). Ziarah Dan Wali Di Dunia Islam. In H. Chambert-Loir & C. Guillot (Eds.), Ziarah Dan Wali Di Dunia Islam. Jakarta: Serambi.
Giddens, A. (1979). Central Problems In Social Theory: Action, Structure, And Contradiction In Social Analysis. Berkeley, California, United States: University Of California Press.
Giddens, A. (1986). The Constitution Of Society: The Outline Of The Theory Of Structuration. Berkeley, California, United States: University Of California Press.
Goffman, E. (1982). Interaction Ritual: Essays On Face To Face Behavior. New York, New York, United States: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
Hafil, A. S. (2016). Komunikasi Agama Dan Budaya (Studi Atas Budaya Kompolan Sabellesen Berdhikir Tarekat Qadiriyah Naqshabandiyah Di Bluto Sumenep Madura). Al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 1(2), 161–182. https://doi.org/10.22515/balagh.v1i2.350
Hansen, A. (2021). Rituals And Language Of Power. Lund Archaeological Review, 26–27, 39–52.
Harjito, H. (2018). Juru Kunci: Kontradiksi Dalam Tiga Cerita. Alayasastra: Jurnal Ilmu Kesusastraan, 14(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.36567/aly.v14i1.138
Hasan, N., Taufiq, M., Hannan, A., & Enhas, M. I. G. (2023). Tradition, Social Values, And Fiqh Of Civilization: Examining The Nyadran Ritual In Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 7(3), 1778–1802. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.20578
Hasanah, U., Purnawati, D. M. O., & Maryati, T. (2020). Syahbandar Perempuan Nyai Ageng Pinatih Di Gresik, Jawa Timur. Widya Winayata : Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah, 8(3), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjps.v8i3.29506
Herwiratno, M. (2007). Kelenteng: Benteng Terakhir Dan Titik Awal Perkembangan Kebudayaan Tionghoa Di Indonesia. Lingua Cultura, 1(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v1i1.264
Ibda, H. (2018). Penguatan Nilai-Nilai Sufisme Dalam Nyadran Sebagai Khazanah Islam Nusantara. Jurnal Islam Nusantara, 2(2), 148–161. https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalin.v2i2.92
Informant JW (Initial). (2023). Interview With The Caretaker Of Dewi Sekardadu Gebang’s Grave. Sidoarjo.
Informant KM (Initial). (2018). Religious Lecture During Dewi Sekardadu’s Haul. Sidoarjo.
Informant SM (Initial). (2020). Interviewed With Pilgrim. Sidoarjo.
Jayadi, S., & Rahmawati, R. (2020). Sasak Community’s Communicative Act In Ngelukar And Ngilahan Kaoq Rite In Lombok. Al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 5(2), 295–312. https://doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v5i2.2481
Kasdi, A. (2017). The Role Of Walisongo In Developing Islam Nusantara Civilization. Addin: Media Dialektika Ilmu Islam, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.21043/addin.v11i1.1973
Lufaefi, L. (2018). Reaktualisasi Dakwah Wali Songo: Gerak Dakwah KH Said Aqil Siroj dalam Menebar Islam Rahmatal Lil Alamin. Aqlam: Journal Of Islam And Plurality, 3(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v3i1.635
Malik, A., & Putri, L. D. (2023). Panjang Mulud Traditions As A Medium of Social Communication. Al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 8(1), 73–104. https://doi.org/10.22515/albalagh.v8i1.6120
Margana, S., Athoillah, A., Dwicahyono, S., Pratiwi, Y. W., & Asyrafi, M. (2021). Sejarah Kebudayaan Maritim Mataram, 1600-1755. Yogyakarta: Dinas Kebudayaan Daerah istimewa Yogyakarta.
Monika, D., Mindani, & Mastofa, S. (2022). Persepsi Pada Makam Keramat Puyang Sinuman Terhadap Pendidikan Aqidah Islam Masyarakat Di Desa Datar Lebar II Kecamatan Lungkang Kule. Jurnal Pendidikan Tematik, 1(3), 318–327.
Muttaqin, M., & Fitriansyah, A. F. (2022). Problem Tauhid Dalam Ritual Nyadran, Sidoarjo: Perspektif Fakhrudin Ar-Razi. Islamika : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 22(2), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.32939/islamika.v22i2.1492
Nijhoff, M., & Gravenhage. (1941). Poenika Serat Babad Tanah Djawi Wiwit Saking Nabi Adam Doemoegi Ing Taoen 1647. Leiden: Koninkluke Bibliotheek.
Nilofar, N. (2016). Cerita Dewi Sekardadu: Cerita Rakyat Dari Jawa Timur. Jakarta Timur: Badan Pengembangan Dan Pembinaan Bahasa.
Noor, A. (2017). Pasang Surut Perniagaan Nusantara. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.
Noviyanti, L. E. (2013). Perkembangan Makam Sayyid Jumadil Kubro Sebagai Obyek Wisata Religi Pada Tahun 2002-2012 Di Desa Sentonorejo Kecamatan Trowulan Kabupaten Mojokerto. Avatara, 1(3), 584–591.
Nurhidayati, F. (2020). Nyadran: Belajar Toleransi Pada Tradisi. Jakarta Timur: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa Republik Indonesia.
Pujianto, W. E., Robbani, M. B., & Rahmahdiyyah, T. (2022). Penguatan Ekonomi Lokal Pasca-Covid-19 (Strategi Branding Embrio Destinasi Wisata Religi Baru Di Kabupaten Sidoarjo). Ar Rehla: Journal of Islamic Tourism, Halal Food, Islamic Traveling, And Creative Economy, 2(2), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.21274/ar-rehla.v2i2.5889
Reimers, E. (1999). Death And Identity: Graves And Funerals As Cultural Communication. Mortality, 4(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/713685976
Robbins, J. (2010). Ritual Communication And Linguistic Ideology: A Reading And Partial Reformulation Of Rappaport’s Theory Of Ritual. In J. S. Pamela & A. Strathern (Eds.), Ritual. Milton Park, Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire United Kingdom: Routledge.
Rohma, W. S. T., & Andalas, E. F. (2021). Komodifikasi Mitos Eyang Sapu Jagad Sebagai Promosi Wisata Dan Daya Tarik Pengunjung Di Kabupaten Malang. Satwika: Kajian Ilmu Budaya Dan Perubahan Sosial, 5(2), 284–302. https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v5i2.17440
Saepuloh, A. (2019). Tradisi Upacara Adat Buang Jong Dalam Konteks Budaya Masa Kini. Panggung: Jurnal Seni Budaya, 29(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.26742/panggung.v29i1.810
Schleijer, C. L. (1880, April). O Indische Berigten Batavia 18 Maart. Haarlemsche Courant, p. 1.
Sidoarjo, D. K. (2018). Selayang Pandang Kabupaten Sidoarjo 2018. Sidoarjo: Diskominfo Kabupaten Sidoarjo.
Soer, G. (1875, September). Samarang Maanstand. De Locomotief, p. 2.
Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York, New York, United States: Holt Rinehart & Winston.
Stortenbeker, W., & Groeneveldt, W. P. (1876). Tijdschrift Voor Indische Tall Land En Volkenkunde. Batavia: Bruining & Wijt.
Sungkowati, Y., Mashuri, Asmara, A., Izzak, A., Turaeni, N. N. T., Sukmawati, D. L., … Ummatin, K. (2011). Antologi Cerita Rakyat Jawa Timur (1st ed.; S. Kasiyun & T. Winasih, Eds.). Sidoarjo: Balai Bahasa Surabaya.
Sunyoto, A. (2016). Atlas Wali Songo. Bandung: Mizan Media Utama.
Topographisch, B. (1892). Sidoardjo: Bijgewerkt tot Maart 1892.
Tsing, A. L. (1993). In The Realm Of The Diamond Queen: Marginality In An Out-Of-The-Way Place. Princeton, New Jersey, United States: Princeton University Press.
Tucher, A. (2007). Communication, Community, Reality, Ritual, And The “Potato Hole” Woodson. Journal Of Communication Inquiry, 31(4), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859907305164
Turner, V. (2001). From Ritual To Theater: The Human Seriousness Of Play. New York, New York, United States: PAJ Publications Book.
Wain, A. (2019). Southeast Asia’s Forgotten Female Muslim Rulers. ICR Journal, 10(1), 121–123. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v10i1.77
Warasati. (2007). Perilaku Sosial Keagamaan Peziarah Makam Wali Di Gunung Kawi Desa Wonosari Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Malang. Thesis Undergraduate (Unpublished).
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Mar 27, 2024
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Dharma, F. A., Dayanti, L. D. ., Koesbardiati , T. ., & Daud, N. (2024). THE DYNAMICS OF AGENT-STRUCTURE IN RITUAL COMMUNICATION OF THE SACRED GRAVE PILGRIMAGE. Al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.22515/albalagh.v9i1.7930
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