Al-A'raf : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam dan Filsafat
Volume 21, Issue 2, December 2024, Pages 157-179
Full Lenght Article
EXPLORING SUFISTIC VALUES IN THE CONTEXT OF ADAT BASANDI SYARAK: A STUDY OF IBN TAYMIYYAH'S SUFISM AND ITS RELEVANCE TO SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAMIC TRADITIONS
Under a Creative Commons license
Open Access
Abstract
This study explores Sufistic values within the Minangkabau philosophy of “Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah” (ABS-SBK) through the lens of Ibn Taymiyyah’s Sufism. Known for his critiques of excessive mysticism, Ibn Taymiyyah also advocates a balanced Sufism that integrates devotion to God with social benefit. This research adapts his ideas to the Minangkabau context, emphasizing the compatibility between Islamic spirituality and local traditions. Using a descriptive-analytical method with an integrative approach, the study draws on Ibn Taymiyyah’s works as primary sources, supplemented by relevant secondary literature. The findings highlight key Sufistic elements in ABS-SBK, including self-purification, simplicity in living, the integration of spirituality with social responsibilities, critical engagement with bid‘ah, alignment of adat (custom) with syarak (Islamic law), and the pivotal roles of religious scholars (ulama) and cultural leaders (pemangku adat). Additionally, it identifies Sufistic dimensions in the cultural role of Bundo Kanduang in Minangkabau society. This study offers a novel perspective by bridging Ibn Taymiyyah’s moderate Sufism with Minangkabau’s local wisdom, providing a model for harmonizing Islamic principles with indigenous traditions. Its implications extend to broader discussions on contextualizing Islamic spirituality within diverse cultural settings.
Keywords
Ibn Taymiyyah
Sufism
Minangkabau
Adat Basandi Syarak
Declarations
Publisher's Note
UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
References
Alma, Buchari. Bundo Kanduang (Limpapeh Rumah Nan Gadang : Tuntunan Moral Wanita Minang). Padang: Gerakan Buku Adat Minang (Gebu). Perhimpunan Keluarga Minangkabau (PKM) dan Klub Buku Adat Budaya Minangkabau, 2004.
Althafullayya, Muhammad Raffin, and Ali Akbar. “Analisis Integrasi Islam dan Budaya Minangkabau dalam Tradisi Batagak Penghulu Berdasarkan Perspektif Al-Qur’an.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 2 (2024): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.47134/pjpi.v1i2.155.
Amir, Ahmad Nabil. “Fahaman Ibn Taimiyah dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Tradisi Kalam.” Ulumuddin: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 12, no. 1 (2022): 133–158. https://doi.org/10.47200/ulumuddin.v12i1.939.
Arvionita, Diah, Efendi, Eka Putra Wirman, and Zainal. “Tasawuf Urban dan Tasawuf Perenial dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Perkotaan.” JPI: Jurnal Pemikiran Isam 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jpi.v3i1.16368.
Azra, Azyumardi. Surau: Pendidikan Tradisional dalam Transisi dan Modernisasi. Jakarta: Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat (PPIM) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2017.
Ernatip, and Silvia Devi. Kedudukan dan Peran Bundo Kanduang dalam Sistem Kekerabatan Matrilineal di Minangkabau. Padang: Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Padang, 2014.
Fageh, Achmad. “Paradigma Baru Konsep Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Syeikhul Islam Ibn Taimiyah.” Kuttab: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 2 (2017): 126–133. https://doi.org/10.30736/ktb.v1i2.34.
Hamka. Islam Dan Adat Minangkabau. Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas, 1984.
Hanani, Silfia. “Tradisi Ulama Transformatif Minangkabau dalam Membangun Pendidikan Karakteristik Berbasis Responsif Teologis dan Kontribusinya terhadap Penguatan Moralitas.” Sosial Budaya 12, no. 2 (2015): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sb.v12i2.1939.
Islamiati, Sekar Dea. “Bundo Kanduang Peranan Perempuan Minangkabau.” Jurnal Desain – Kajian Penelitian Bidang Desain 2, no. 2 (2022): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.33376/jdes.v2i2.1694.
Jamil, Muhammad. Bundo Kanduang di Minangkabau. Bukittinggi: Cinta Buku Agency, 2019.
Lings, Martin. What Is Sufism? (Islamic Texts Society). Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1999.
Madjid, Nurcholish. Ibn Taimiyah Tentang Kalam Dan Falsafah. Jakarta: Nurcholish Madjid Society, 2020.
Maghribi, Hamdan. “Rekonstruksi Tasawuf Ibn Taimiyyah (Tinjauan Epistemologis).” Disertasi, UIN Walisongo, 2022. https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/20888/1/Disertasi_1900029013_Hamdan_Maghribi.pdf.
———. Tasawuf Salafi: Rekonstruksi Tasawuf Ibn Taimiyyah. Malag: Madani, 2024.
Maghribi, Hamdan, Alfina Hidayah, and Arikhah. “Ibn Taimiyyah dan Rancang Bangun Tasawuf Salafi.” Esoterik: Jurnal Akhlak dan Tasawuf 8, no. 2 (2022): 193–216. https://dx.doi.org/10.21043/esoterik.v6i1.16509.
Marthala, Agusti Efi. Rumah Gadang : Kajian Filosofi Arsitektur Minangkabau. Bandung: Humaniora, 2013.
Mujib, Lalu Supriadi bin, and Muhammad Irfan Helmy. “Relasi Hukum Islam dan Tasawuf dalam Pemikiran Ibn Taimiyah.” Dialogia Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial 18, no. 2 (2020): 227–51. https://doi.org/10.21154/dialogia.v18i2.2173.
Nashroen, M. Dasar Falsafah Adat Minangkabau. 2nd ed. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1971.
Penghulu, Hakymi Dt. Rajo. Pegangan Penghulu, Bundo Kandung, dan Pidato Alua Pasambahan Adat di Minangkabau. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 1991.
Pflegerová, Mariana. “Matrilinearita, Migrace A Sociální Změna V Minangkabau Z Historické Perspektivy.” Český lid 94, no. 2 (2007): 113–139.
Ritonga, Andi, Salma, and Bakhtiar. “Mengulas Makna Adat Basandi Syarak Syarak Basandi Kitabullah (ABSSBK) dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau.” Humani (Hukum dan Masyarakat Madani) 14, no. 1 (2024): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/humani.v14i1.8228.
Setiawan, Rahmat, and Suparman Syukur. “Menguak Etika Sufistik Ibnu Taimiyah.” Didaktika Islamika: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Islam Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah Muhammadiyah Kendal 12, no. 2 (2021): 1–23.
Sukimin, Barsihannoor, and Salahuddin. “Pandangan Ibnu Taimiyah terhadap Wali.” Jurnal Diskursus Islam 6, no. 1 (2018): 156–74. https://doi.org/10.24252/jdi.v6i1.7113.
Suryaningrat, Dani, and Abdul Wahab. “Pemikiran Tokoh-tokoh Ekonomi Islam pada Periode Kedua Mengenai Konsep Distribusi.” JURNAL ILMIAH FALSAFAH: Jurnal Kajian Filsafat, Teologi dan Humaniora 9, no. 2 (2023): 85–97. https://doi.org/10.37567/jif.v9i2.2301.
Taimiyah, Ahmad Ibn. Al-Amru Bi Al-Ma’rūf Wa Al-Nahyu ‘an Al-Munkar. Saudi Arabia: Wizarah Syu`un alIslamiyyah wa al-Da’wah wa al-Irsyad, n.d.
Taimiyah, Ibnu. Al-Iman. Terj. Kathur Suhardi. Bekasi: Darul Falah, 2020.
———. Qaidah Jalilah Fi al Tawasul Wa al Wasilah. Beirut: Dar al Arabiyah, 1965.
———. Siyasah Asy Syar’iyah Fi Ishlah Ar Ra’iy Wa Ar Ra’iyyati. Beirut: Darul Kutub al ’Ilmiyah, 1988.
Taimiyyah, Ibn. Al-Radd Ala al-Manthiqiyyin. Beirut: Muassasah ar-Rayan, 2005.
———. Faṣl Fi Tazkiyah Al-Nafs. Diedit oleh Fawwāz Muḥammad al-‘Awaḍī. Kuwait: Maktabah al-Nahj al-Wāḍiḥ, 2018.
———. Fiqh Al-Tasawwuf. Diedit oleh Zuhair Syafiq al-Kabbi. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-’Arabi, 1993.
———. Syarḥ Futūḥ Al-Ghaib. Damaskus: Dār al-Qādirī, 2005.
Taimiyyah, Ibnu. Al-’Ubudiyyah: Hakikat Penghambaan Diri. Jakarta: Griya Ilmu, 2017.
———. Etika Beramar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 1995.
Taimiyyah, Taqiyuddin Ahmad Ibnu. Al-Furqan Bayna Awliyâ’ al-Rahman Wa Awliyâ’ al-Syayatîn. Ed. Abdu al-Rahman Bin Abdu al-Halim Yahya. Riyadh: Dar al-Fadilah, 2007.
———. Majmu’ al-Rasail Wa Masail Vol. 4. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 1983.
Taqiuddin, Ahmad. “Pemikiran Tasawuf Ibnu Taimiyyah.” EL-HIKAM: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kajian Keislaman 3, no. 2 (2010): 65–88.
Taymiyyah, Ibn. Gardens of Purification. United Kingdom: Dar-Us-Sunnah, 2016.
Usman, Muh. Ilham. “Meneroka Pemikiran Ibn Taymiyah: Kritik terhadap Filsafat dan Tasawuf.” Rausyan Fikr 16, no. 1 (2020): 29–60. https://doi.org/10.24239/rsy.v16i1.533.
Washil, Izzuddin, and Ahmad Khoirul Fata. “Pemikiran Ibn Taymīyah Tentang Sharī‘ah Sebagai Tujuan Tasawuf.” Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam 7, no. 2 (2017): 353–375. https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2017.7.2.316-338.
Copyright and permissions
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Bibliographic Information
Cite this article as:
Hadi, R. T., Samad, D., Gazali, G., & Ahmad. (2024). EXPLORING SUFISTIC VALUES IN THE CONTEXT OF ADAT BASANDI SYARAK: A STUDY OF IBN TAYMIYYAH’S SUFISM AND ITS RELEVANCE TO SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAMIC TRADITIONS. Al-A’raf : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Filsafat, 21(2), 157–179. https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpif.v21i2.10419