Al-A'raf : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam dan Filsafat
Full Lenght Article
SOREN KIERKEGAARD'S EXISTENTIALISM: A STUDY ON HOW TO ENJOY LIFE DURING THE POST-TRUTH ERA
Abstract
This study aims to explain the means of deriving enjoyment in life during the post-Truth era by drawing upon the existentialist values of Soren Kierkegaard. A qualitative approach is adopted with a conceptual design, utilizing exploratory, interpretative, and analytical methods. The results showed that individuals were able to derive enjoyment from life during the Post-Truth Era by embracing the following Soren Kierkegaard's existentialism values: Firstly, being oneself; living under the narrative of the heart and mind. Secondly, being moral and adhering to universal rules. Thirdly, living a religious life, having a direct connection with God, and being critical of religion. Previous studies had extensively explored Soren Kierkegaard's existentialism, but none specifically examined its concept as a means of enjoying life.
Keywords
Declarations
Publisher's Note
UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
References
Ardi, Rahkman, David Hizkia Tobing, Gita Nuraini Agustina, Ahmad Fauzan Iswahyudi, and Diah Budiarti. “Religious Schema and Tolerance towards Alienated Groups in Indonesia.” Heliyon 7, no. 7 (2021): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07603.
Armawi, A. “Eksistensi Manusia Dalam Filsafat Soren Kierkegaard.” Jurnal Filsafat 21, no. 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.4738.
Assiter, A. “Kant and Kierkegaard on Freedom and Evil.” Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplements 72 (2013): 275–296. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246113000155.
Barzilai, S., & Chinn, C. A. “A Review of Educational Responses to the ‘Post-Truth’ Condition: Four Lenses on ‘Post-Truth’ Problems.” Educational Psychologist 55, no. 3 (2020): 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2020.1786388.
Collins, C. S., & Stockton, C. M. “The Central Role of Theory in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods” 17, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406918797475.
Compaijen, R. “Kierkegaard on Being Human. In R. Compaijen (Ed.), Kierkegaard, MacIntyre, Williams, and the Internal Point of View.” Springer International Publishing, 2018, 89–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74552-7_4.
Cook, J. W. “Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein.” Religious Studies 23, no. 2 (1987): 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412500018722.
Czakó, I. “Appropriation and Polemics: Karl Jaspers’ Criticism of Kierkegaard’s Concept of Religion. In B. M. Mezei & M. Z. Vale (Eds.), Philosophies of Christianity: At the Crossroads of Contemporary Problems.” Springer International Publishing, 2019, 195–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22632-9_11.
Denisenko, V. “Disinformation Analysis and Citizen Activism in the ‘Post-Truth’ Era: The Case of DebunkEU.Org. In J. Chakars & I. Ekmanis (Eds.), Information Wars in the Baltic States: Russia’s Long Shadow.” Springer International Publishing, n.d., 169–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99987-2_9.
Dickinson, T. W. “Repeating, Not Simply Recollecting, Repetition: On Kierkegaard’s Ethical Exercises.” Sophia 50, no. 4 (2011): 657–675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11841-011-0259-z.
Dinan, M. “Kierkegaard’s Socratic Alternative to Hegel in Fear and Trembling.” The Review of Politics 83, no. 3 (2021): 375–397. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034670521000115.
Ekawati, D. “Existentialism.” Tarbiyah 12, no. 1 (2015): 137–153. https://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/index.php/tarbawiyah/article/view/427.
Faiz, F. “Soren Kierkegaard.” 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdXx5yPK1oA.
Forsyth, A., & Peiser, R. “Lessons from Planned Resettlement and New Town Experiences for Avoiding Climate Sprawl.” Landscape and Urban Planning, 2021, 205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103957.
Fremstedal, R. “Demonic Despair under the Guise of the Good? Kierkegaard and Anscombe vs. Velleman.” Inquiry 66, no. 5 (2023): 705–725. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2019.1610047.
Fridlund, P. “Post-Truth Politics, Performatives, and the Force.” Jus Cogens 2, no. 3 (2020): 215–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42439-020-00029-8.
Gardiner, P. “Freedom and the Self. In P. Gardiner.” Kierkegaard, 2002, 108. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192802569.003.0006.
Gerald Zaltman and Robert Duncan. Strategies for Planned Change. A Wiley-Interscience Publication John Wiley and Sons. New York: London, Sydney, Toronto, 1997.
Gottlieb, R. S. “Kierkegaard’ Ethical Individualism.” The Monist 62, no. 3 (1979): 51–367. https://doi.org/10.5840/monist197962324.
Gouwens, D. J. “Kierkegaard as Religious Thinker.” Cambridge University Press, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511520112.
Guess, A., & Lyons, B. “Misinformation, Disinformation, and Online Propaganda.” Social Media and Democracy, 2020, 10–33. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108890960.003.
Hanson, J. “Despair as a Threat to Meaning: Kierkegaard’s Challenge to Objectivist Theories.” Philosophies 6, no. 4 (2021): 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies6040092.
Haryanti, Nik. “Implementasi Pemikiran KH Hasyim Asy’ari Tentang Etika Pendidik.” Episteme 8, no. 2 (2013): 439–50.
Higham, H., & Vincent, C. “Human Error and Patient Safety. In L. Donaldson, W. Ricciardi, S. Sheridan, & R. Tartaglia (Eds.), Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management.” Springer International Publishing, 2021, 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59403-9_3.
Höffken, O. “Mysticism of Experience, Faith in Communication: Nietzsche and Kierkegaard. In K. M. Pathak (Ed.), Quietism, Agnosticism, and Mysticism: Mapping the Philosophical Discourse of the East and the West.” Springer, 2021, 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3223-5_11.
Hoven, J., Blaauw, M., Pieters, W., & Warnier, M Van den. “Privacy and Information Technology. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.” Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/it-privacy/.
Hyvönen, A.-E. “Careless Speech: Conceptualizing Post-Truth Politics.” New Perspectives 26, no. 3 (2018): 31–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/2336825X1802600303.
Laffan, Michael. The Makings of Indonesian Islam: Orientalism and the Narration of a Sufi Past. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2011.
Leavy, Patricia. Research Design. New York: The Guilford Press, 2017.
Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., & Cook, J. “Beyond Misinformation: Understanding and Coping with the ‘Post-Truth’ Era.” 2017 6, no. 4 (n.d.): 353–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2017.07.008.
Li, H. “Classroom Enjoyment: Relations With EFL Students’ Disengagement and Burnout.” Frontiers in Psychology 12 (2022). https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.824443.
Mahmudah, M. “Filsafat Eksistensialisme: Telaah Ajaran dan Relevansinya dengan Tujuan Pendidikan di Indonesia.” INSANIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Alternatif Kependidikan 14, no. 3 (1970): 336–447. https://doi.org/10.24090/insania.v14i3.357.
McLaughlin, W. B. “The Relation between Hegel and Kierkegaard.” Boston University, 1958. https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/6219.
Michael, M. A. “Why Not Interfere with Nature? Ethical Theory and Moral Practice.” Springer 5, no. 1 (2002): 89–112. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1014494031814.
Ng, K. Introduction: Hegel’s Concept of Life. In K. Ng (Ed.), Hegel’s Concept of Life: Self-Consciousness, Freedom, Logic. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947613.003.0001.
Ondich, J. Søren Kierkegaard, 2018. https://mlpp.pressbooks.pub/introphil/chapter/soren-kirkegaard/.
Persson, E. “Synthetic Life and the Value of Life.” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 9 (2021). https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.701942.
Peters, M. A. “Education in a Post-Truth World.” Educational Philosophy and Theory 49, no. 6 (2017): 563–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2016.1264114.
Plesa, P. “Reassessing Existential Constructs and Subjectivity: Freedom and Authenticity in Neoliberalism.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 00, no. 0 (2021): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678211032065.
Pogge, T. W. “Human Flourishing and Universal Justice.” Social Philosophy and Policy 16, no. 1 (1999): 333–61. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500002351.
Ristiniemi, J. “Existentialism. In A. L. C. Runehov & L. Oviedo (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions.” Springer Netherlands, 2013, 818–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_1601.
Roetzel, P. G. “Information Overload in the Information Age: A Review of the Literature from Business Administration, Business Psychology, and Relproach and Framework Developmated Disciplines with a Bibliometric Apent.” Business Research 12, no. 2 (2019): 479–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-018-0069-z.
Rohman, Miftahur, Sulthan Syahril, and Dini Fauziyati. “Masa Depan Studi Islam di Pendidikan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam (Sebuah Tinjauan Filosofis-Yuridis).” Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan Dan Kemasyarakatan 16, no. 2 (2018): 283. https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v16i2.1200.
Sachdeva, S., Iliev, R., Ekhtiari, H., & Dehghani, M. “The Role of Self-Sacrifice in Moral Dilemmas.” PLOS ONE 10, no. 6 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127409.
Stewart, J. “Kierkegaard: A Transitional Figure from German Idealism to Existentialism. In J. Stewart (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of German Idealism and Existentialism.” Springer International Publishing, 2020, 209–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44571-3_9.
Titova, M., & Sheldon, K. “Happiness Comes from Trying to Make Others Feel Good, Rather than Oneself.” The Journal of Positive Psychology 17 (2021): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2021.1897867.
Tomaszewski, L. E., Zarestky, J., & Gonzalez, E. “Planning Qualitative Research: Design and Decision Making for New Researchers.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920967174.
Tsfati, Y., Boomgaarden, H. G., Strömbäck, J., Vliegenthart, R., Damstra, A., & Lindgren, E. “Causes and Consequences of Mainstream Media Dissemination of Fake News: Literature Review and Synthesis.” Annals of the International Communication Association 44, no. 2 (2020): 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1759443.
Vaškovic, P. “A Path to Authenticity: Kierkegaard and Dostoevsky on Existential Transformation.” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 87, no. 1 (2020): 81–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11153-019-09732-z.
Webber, J. “What Is Existentialism? In J. Webber (Ed.), Rethinking Existentialism.” Oxford University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735908.003.0001.
Copyright and permissions
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.