Modeling entrepreneurial intentions among vocational high school students: The roles of education, family, and school support

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22515/jemin.v5i1.11152

Keywords:

Entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, family support, School Support

Abstract

This study explores the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among vocational high school students, emphasizing the roles of entrepreneurial education, family support, and school support, with entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative research approach, data were collected from 214 students enrolled in the Business and Marketing Department of a vocational high school in Indonesia. The results show that school support has a significant direct influence on entrepreneurial intentions, while entrepreneurial self-efficacy serves as a crucial mediator between external support systems and students’ entrepreneurial aspirations. Notably, although school support exerts the strongest direct effect, its mediated effect through self-efficacy is comparatively smaller. These findings highlight the importance of developing robust educational frameworks, enhancing family encouragement, and strengthening institutional support to cultivate entrepreneurial mindsets among vocational students. The findings of this study have several practical implications, including the need for curriculum development, targeted teacher training in entrepreneurship education, and fostering collaboration between families and schools. This study contributes to the existing literature by proposing a comprehensive model of entrepreneurial intention formation within vocational education, particularly relevant to emerging economies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adu, I. N., Boakye, K. O., Suleman, A.-R., & Bingab, B. B. B. (2020). Exploring the factors that mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions among undergraduate students in Ghana. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(2), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-07-2019-0052

Ahmed, T., Chandran, V. G. R., Klobas, J. E., Liñán, F., & Kokkalis, P. (2020). Entrepreneurship education programmes: How learning, inspiration and resources affect intentions for new venture creation in a developing economy. International Journal of Management Education, 18(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100327

Al-Tekreeti, T., Al Khasawneh, M., & Dandis, A. O. (2024). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions among students in higher education institutions. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-09-2023-0470

Anjum, T., Farrukh, M., Heidler, P., & Tautiva, J. A. D. (2021). Entrepreneurial intention: Creativity, entrepreneurship, and university support. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010011

Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1966). Social Learning and Personality Development. In American Sociological Review, 31(1), 128-130. https://doi.org/10.2307/2091312

Bazan, C., Gaultois, H., Shaikh, A., Gillespie, K., Frederick, S., Amjad, A., Yap, S., Finn, C., Rayner, J., & Belal, N. (2020). A systematic literature review of the influence of the university’s environment and support system on the precursors of social entrepreneurial intention of students. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(4), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-0116-9

Butt, A. S., Alghababsheh, M., Arshi, T. A., & Shah, S. H. H. (2022). Strategies to streamline supplier relationship management during crises: lessons learned from COVID-19 and future pathways. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 30(10), 3906-3924. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-04-2022-0226

Central Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Laborer Situation in Indonesia August 2023 (Issue 77). https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/12/08/1b09be03a0951907a562f755/keadaan-pekerja-di-indonesia-agustus-2023.html

Dissanayake, D. (2014). The Impact of Perceived Desirability and Perceived Feasibility on Entrepreneurial Intention among Undergraduate Students in Sri Lanka: An Extended Model. Kelaniya Journal of Management, 2(1), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.4038/kjm.v2i1.6543

Fatoki, O. (2014). The entrepreneurial alertness of immigrant entrepreneurs in South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(23), 722–726. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p722

Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065

Ghozali, G., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial least squares konsep, teknik dan aplikasi menggunakan program SmartPLS 3.0 untuk penelitian empiris. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Gielnik, M. M., Uy, M. A., Funken, R., & Bischoff, K. M. (2017). Boosting and sustaining passion: A long-term perspective on the effects of entrepreneurship training. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(3), 334–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.02.003

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publication.

Hameed, I., & Irfan, Z. (2019). Characteristics and Opportunities. Entrepreneurship Education, 2(3), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-019-00018-z

Hareb, M., Amimi, A., & Ahmad, S. Z. (2023). The moderating effect of educational support on the relationship between self-efficacy and intention in cyber entrepreneurship. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 15(2), 216-232. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-01-2023-0003

Hassan, A., Saleem, I., Anwar, I., & Hussain, S. A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students: the role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education. Education and Training, 62(7–8), 843–861. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0033

Hatammimi, J., & Rosniawati, D. (2023). The influence of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions by the mediation of self efficacy: Study of a vocational school. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(2), 47-56. https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/1634

Hatammimi, J., & Wulandari, D. A. (2014). Internal Factors that Motivate College Student to Become ICT-Based Entrepreneur. Proceedings of International Conference on Research Methods in Management and Social Sciences (ICRMMS-2014) Internal, September 2014, 100–107. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1150.6725

Hoang, G., Le, T. T. T., Tran, A. K. T., & Du, T. (2021). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Vietnam: the mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning orientation. Education and Training, 63(1), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-05-2020-0142

Ismara, K. I., Surjono, H. D., Khairudin, M., Nugraheni, M., Darmono, D., Fitrihana, N., Mustofa, M., Subekti, T. S., Subhan, M., Dwiyanthi, N., & Erda, G. (2021). Norma & Standar Laboratorium/Bengkel SMK Kompetensi Keahlian Bisnis Daring dan Pemasaran. Perpustakaan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/id/eprint/22207

Khalifa, A. H., & Dhiaf, M. M. (2016). WpŁyw edukacji przedsiĘbiorczoŚci na chĘĆ prowadzenia przedsiĘbiorstwa w zea. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 14(1), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2016.14.1.11

Kirkley, W. W. (2017). Cultivating entrepreneurial behaviour: entrepreneurship education in secondary schools. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 17–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-04-2017-018

Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., & Chernev, A. (2022). Marketing Management. Pearson Practice Hall.

Laviolette, E. M., Lefebvre, M. R., & Brunel, O. (2012). The impact of story bound entrepreneurial role models on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 18(6), 720–742. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551211268148

Leavy, P. (2017). Research Design Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches (Vol. 21, Issue 1). The Guilford Press.

López-Núñez, M. I., Rubio-Valdehita, S., & Díaz-Ramiro, E. M. (2022). The role of individual variables as antecedents of entrepreneurship processes: Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(October), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.978313

Maran, T. K., Liegl, S., Davila, A., Moder, S., Kraus, S., & Mahto, R. V. (2022). Who fits into the digital workplace? Mapping digital self-efficacy and agility onto psychological traits. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 175(xxxx). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121352

Mathew, J., Manimala, & Thomas, P. (2017). Entrepreneur Education: Experiments with Curriculum, Pedagogy and Target Groups. In Entrepreneurship Education: Experiments with Curriculum, Pedagogy and Target Groups. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3319-3_14

Moraes, G. H. S. M. de, Iizuka, E. S., & Pedro, M. (2018). Effects of Entrepreneurial Characteristics and University Environment on Entrepreneurial Intention. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 22(2), 226–248. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2018170133

Moussa, N. Ben, & Kerkeni, S. (2021). The role of family environment in developing the entrepreneurial intention of young Tunisian students. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 9(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2021.090102

Mozahem, N. A., & Adlouni, R. O. (2021). Using Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as an Indirect Measure of Entrepreneurial Education. International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100385

Nasip, S., Amirul, S. R., Sondoh, S. L., & Tanakinjal, G. H. (2017). Psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intention: A study among university students in North Borneo, Malaysia. Education and Training, 59(7–8), 825–840. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-10-2015-0092

Nowiński, W., Haddoud, M. Y., Lančarič, D., Egerová, D., & Czeglédi, C. (2019). The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in the Visegrad countries. Studies in Higher Education, 44(2), 361–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1365359

Otache, I., Umar, K., Audu, Y., & Onalo, U. (2021). The effects of entrepreneurship education on students’ entrepreneurial intentions: A longitudinal approach. Education and Training, 63(7–8), 967–991. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2019-0005

Pedrini, M., Langella, V., & Molteni, M. (2017). Do entrepreneurial education programs impact the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention?: An analysis of an entrepreneurship MBA in Ghana. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 11(3), 373–392. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-12-2016-0043

Peng, Y., & Tao, C. (2022). Journal of Innovation. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(3), 100198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100241

Portuguez Castro, M., & Gómez Zermeño, M. G. (2020). Challenge based learning: Innovative pedagogy for sustainability through e-learning in higher education. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12104063

Puni, A., Anlesinya, A., & Korsorku, P. D. A. (2018). Entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy and intentions in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 9(4), 492–511. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-09-2017-0211

Qin, C. (2024). Entrepreneurial practices towards entrepreneurial intentions from Chinese vocational college students: a mediation-moderation model. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-09-2023-0340

Riyanda, A. R., Jalinus, N., Abdullah, R., Ranuharja, F., Islami, S., Adi, N. H., & Aminuddin, F. H. (2021). The New Paradigm of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(1), 364–371. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i1.1745

Roy, R., Akhtar, F., & Das, N. (2017). Entrepreneurial intention among science & technology students in India: extending the theory of planned behavior. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(4), 1013–1041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0434-y

Saeed, S., Yousafzai, S. Y., Yani-De-Soriano, M., & Muffatto, M. (2015). The Role of Perceived University Support in the Formation of Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1127–1145. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12090

Sahid, S., Norhisham, N. S., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2024). Interconnectedness between entrepreneurial self-efficacy, attitude, and business creation: A serial mediation of entrepreneurial intention and environmental factor. Heliyon, 10(9), e30478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30478

Saoula, O., Shamim, A., Ahmad, M. J., & Abid, M. F. (2023). Do entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial motivation, and family support enhance entrepreneurial intention? The mediating role of entrepreneurial education. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-06-2022-0055

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2019). Metode Penelitian untuk Bisnis Pendekatan Pengembangan Keahlian. In Salemba Empat (6th ed.). Salemba Empat.

Setya, D. (2022). Lulusan SMK jadi Pengangguran Terbanyak, Ini Data BPS. Detik.Com.

Shahab, Y., Chengang, Y., Arbizu, A. D., & Haider, M. J. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention: do entrepreneurial creativity and education matter? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 25(2), 259–280. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2017-0522

Sherman, L. E., Payton, A. A., Hernandez, L. M., Greenfield, P. M., & Dapretto, M. (2016). The Power of the Like in Adolescence: Effects of Peer Influence on Neural and Behavioral Responses to Social Media. Psychological Science, 27(7), 1027–1035. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616645673

Shi, L., Yao, X., & Wu, W. (2020). Perceived university support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, heterogeneous entrepreneurial intentions in entrepreneurship education: The moderating role of the Chinese sense of face. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12(2), 205–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-04-2019-0040

Sim, M. S. C., Galloway, J. E., Ramos, H. M., & Mustafa, M. J. (2023). University’s support for entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention: the mediating role of entrepreneurial climate. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 15(2), 360–378. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-09-2021-0354

Tan, T. D., & Wijaya, A. (2024). Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Intentions Mediated By Entrepreneurship Education in S1 Management Students of Tarumanagara University. International Journal of Application on Economics and Business, 2(3), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.24912/ijaeb.v2i3.39-49

Triatmanto, B., & Bawono, S. (2023). The interplay of corruption, human capital, and unemployment in Indonesia: Implications for economic development. Journal of Economic Criminology, 2(September), 100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2023.100031

Turker, D., & Selcuk, S. S. (2009). Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students? Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(2), 142–159. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590910939049

Ventista, O. M., & Brown, C. (2023). Teachers’ professional learning and its impact on students’ learning outcomes: Findings from a systematic review. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 8(1), 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100565

Vu, T. D., Bui, L. P., Vu, P. A., Dang-Van, T., Le, B. N., & Nguyen, N. (2024). Understanding female students’ entrepreneurial intentions: gender inequality perception as a barrier and perceived family support as a moderator. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 17(1), 142-163. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-05-2024-0171

Wiklund, J., Wright, M., & Zahra, S. A. (2019). Conquering Relevance: Entrepreneurship Research’s Grand Challenge. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 43(3), 419–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258718807478

Xu, Z., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Ouyang, Z. (2023). Family–work enrichment and entrepreneurial intentions: a family affective support perspective. Management Decision, 61(1), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2021-1058

Yousaf, U., Ali, S. A., Ahmed, M., Usman, B., & Sameer, I. (2020). From entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention: a sequential mediation of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude. International Journal of Innovation Science, 13(3), 364–380. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-09-2020-0133

Zhao, H., Hills, G. E., & Seibert, S. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1265

Downloads

Submitted

2025-02-07

Accepted

2025-05-01

Published

2025-05-01

How to Cite

Rosniawati, D., & Yunizar, Y. (2025). Modeling entrepreneurial intentions among vocational high school students: The roles of education, family, and school support. Journal of Educational Management and Instruction (JEMIN), 5(1), 100–116. https://doi.org/10.22515/jemin.v5i1.11152